2.1 - Methods & Microbe Host interactions

c. Community infection

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Type of infection associated with Gram-positive organisms acquired in the community.
a. Nosocomial infection
b. Hospital-acquired infection
c. Community infection
d. Opportunistic infection

b. Nosocomial infection

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Another term for hospital-acquired infection.
a. Zoonotic infection
b. Nosocomial infection
c. Opportunistic infection
d. Contagious infection

a. Gram-positive

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Gram characteristic of organisms commonly associated with nosocomial infections.
a. Gram-positive
b. Gram-variable
c. Gram-negative
d. Acid-fast

• Enterococcus faecium

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Klebsiella Pneumoniae

• Acinetobacter baumannii

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Enterobacter spp.

📌Mnemonic: “ESKAPE”

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of Hospital - Acquired / Nosocomial Infections [6]

c. Indirect contact

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Route of transmission involving contact with nonliving things.
a. Direct contact
b. Vector-borne
c. Indirect contact
d. Vehicle-borne

c. Fomite

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Term for nonliving objects that serve as indirect contact transmission.
a. Reservoir
b. Vector
c. Fomite
d. Carrier

b. Mumps virus

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of a disease transmitted via indirect contact through fomites.
a. Syphilis
b. Mumps virus
c. Varicella
d. Cholera

c. Horizontal transmission

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Type of direct contact transmission occurring between persons on the same level.
a. Vertical transmission
b. Vector-borne transmission
c. Horizontal transmission
d. Airborne transmission

c. Syphilis

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of disease transmitted via horizontal transmission through sexual contact.
a. Varicella
b. Rubella
c. Syphilis
d. Mumps

d. Vertical transmission

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Type of direct contact transmission from mother to child.
a. Horizontal transmission
b. Vector-borne transmission
c. Droplet transmission
d. Vertical transmission

• Toxoplasmosis

• Others - varicella

• Rubella via transplacental spread

• Cytomegalovirus

• Herpes, Hepatitis B , HIV

• Syphillis

📌Mnemonic: “TORCHS”

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Organisms transmitted via vertical transmission [6]

b. Toxoplasmosis

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Organism transmitted via vertical transplacental spread.
a. Herpes
b. Toxoplasmosis
c. Syphilis
d. HIV

b. Droplet

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Contact transmission route via respiratory route with droplet size of < 1meter
a. Airborne
b. Droplet
c. Fomite
d. Vector-borne

c. Airborne transmission

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Vehicle-borne transmission via respiratory route that is more contagious.
a. Droplet transmission
b. Waterborne transmission
c. Airborne transmission
d. Foodborne transmission

d. Greater than 1m

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Airborne transmission droplet size.
a. Less than 1m
b. Exactly 1m
c. Equal to droplet
d. Greater than 1m

• Measles

• Tuberculosis

• Varicella

📌Mnemonic: “MTV”

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Disease transmitted via airborne route [3]

c. Cholera

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of a waterborne disease.
a. Salmonellosis
b. Varicella
c. Cholera
d. Tuberculosis

b. Salmonellosis

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of a foodborne disease.
a. Cholera
b. Salmonellosis
c. Varicella
d. Measles

d. Vector-borne

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Transmission route that transmits organism from 1 host to another host.
a. Airborne
b. Waterborne
c. Vehicle-borne
d. Vector-borne

• Brucellosis

• Q fever

• Chlamydia

📌Mnemonic: “BQC”

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of disease that hav NO VECTOR [3]

1. Exposure

2. Infection

3. Disease

4. Duration

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stages of Infectious Disease [4]

c. Infection

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stage of infectious disease involving invasion of pathogen.
a. Exposure
b. Disease
c. Infection
d. Incubation

d. Disease

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stage of infectious disease characterized by presence of signs and symptoms.
a. Exposure
b. Infection
c. Incubation period
d. Disease

d. Incubation period

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Period that helps identify the duration of quarantine.
a. Convalescent period
d. Incubation period
c. Prodrome period
d. Decline period

c. Quarantine

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Measure applied when a person has no symptoms after exposure.
a. Isolation
b. Treatment
c. Quarantine
d. Hospitalization

b. Isolation

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Measure applied when a person has symptoms of infection.
a. Quarantine
b. Isolation
c. Observation
d. Incubation

c. Septicemia

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Uncontrolled increase of organism in the blood.
a. Syndrome
b. Bacteremia
c. Septicemia
d. Viremia

d. Syndrome

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Collection of signs and symptoms.
a. Septicemia
b. Disease
c. Infection
d. Syndrome

b. 2 weeks

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Incubation period of SARS CoV.
a. 1 week
b. 2 weeks
c. 3 weeks
d. 4 weeks

c. 3 weeks

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Incubation period of Ebola.
a. 1 week
b. 2 weeks
c. 3 weeks
d. 4 weeks

• Influenza

• Common cold

• Hepatitis A

• Hepatitis E

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of an acute infectious disease [4]

• Tuberculosis

• Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis D

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of an chronic infectious disease [4]

d. Hepatitis E

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Most common cause of viral hepatitis.
a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. Hepatitis C
d. Hepatitis E

d. Hepatitis C

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Hepatitis type assured to be chronic.
a. Hepatitis A
b. Hepatitis B
c. Hepatitis D
d. Hepatitis C

d. Prodrome

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stage of infectious disease characterized by early signs and symptoms.
a. Acne
b. Decline
c. Convalescent
d. Prodrome

b. Acne

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stage of infectious disease characterized by peak signs and symptoms.
a. Prodrome
b. Acne
c. Decline
d. Convalescent

c. Decline

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stage of infectious disease characterized by decreasing signs and symptoms.
a. Prodrome
b. Acne
c. Decline
d. Convalescent

d. Convalescent

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Stage of infectious disease characterized by recovery.
a. Prodrome
b. Acne
c. Decline
d. Convalescent

d. Mortality rate

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Epidemiologic index that measures number of deaths.
a. Morbidity rate
b. Incidence rate
c. Prevalence rate
d. Mortality rate

b. Morbidity rate

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Epidemiologic index that measures number of diseases.
a. Mortality rate
b. Morbidity rate
c. Incidence rate
d. Prevalence rate

c. Prevalence rate

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Epidemiologic index that identifies both new cases and old cases.

• Example: Survey
  a. Mortality rate
  b. Morbidity rate
  c. Prevalence rate
  d. Incidence rate

d. Incidence rate

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Epidemiologic index that identifies only new cases.
a. Mortality rate
b. Morbidity rate
c. Prevalence rate
d. Incidence rate

c. Endemic

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Pattern of occurrence where disease occurs at a specific place or people.
a. Epidemic
b. Pandemic
c. Endemic
d. Sporadic

c. Malaria

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Endemic disease in Palawan
a. Schistosomiasis
b. Filariasis
c. Malaria
d. Dengue

d. Schistosomiasis

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Endemic disease in:

• Samar

• Leyte

a. Malaria
b. Filariasis
c. Dengue
d. Schistosomiasis

c. Filariasis

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Endemic disease in:

• Albay

• Mindoro

a. Malaria
b. Schistosomiasis
c. Filariasis
d. Dengue

d. Epidemic

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Pattern of occurrence where the number of cases exceeds the expected frequency.
a. Endemic
b. Sporadic
c. Pandemic
d. Epidemic

b. Outbreak

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Another term for epidemic.
a. Endemic
b. Outbreak
c. Pandemic
d. Sporadic

c. Common source

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Type of epidemic outbreak originating from a single contaminated source.
a. Propagated source
b. Continuous source
c. Common source
d. Intermittent source

b. Food poisoning

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of a common source point outbreak.
a. Person to person transmission
b. Food poisoning
c. Respiratory transmission
d. Vector-borne transmission

• Point

• Intermittent

• Continuous

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Types of common source outbreaks [3]

d. Propagated source

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Type of epidemic outbreak transmitted from person to person.
a. Common source
b. Point source
c. Intermittent source
d. Propagated source

c. Respiratory

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Route of transmission more easily transmitted than direct contact in propagated source outbreaks.
a. Waterborne
b. Foodborne
c. Respiratory
d. Vector-borne

c. Sporadic

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Pattern of occurrence at irregular or scattered intervals.
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Sporadic
d. Pandemic

d. Pandemic

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Pattern of occurrence that is worldwide in distribution.
a. Endemic
b. Sporadic
c. Epidemic
d. Pandemic

d. Epidemic

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

One patient with smallpox in Manila.This pattern of occurrence is:
a. Endemic
b. Sporadic
c. Pandemic
d. Epidemic

a. True

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Smallpox (variola virus) is the only human disease to have been officially eradicated through vaccination.

a. True

b. False

• Climate change

• Organism change

• Demographic change

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Factors that contribute to emerging and reemerging infections [3]

c. HIV/AIDS

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of an emerging infection that appeared in the 1980s.
a. SARS
b. Ebola
c. HIV/AIDS
d. MERS

d. SARS

[Microbe Host Interactions - Features of Infectious Disease]

Example of an emerging infection that appeared in the 2000s.
a. HIV/AIDS
b. Ebola
c. MERS
d. SARS