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When was the first 'talkie'
1927
How may times a week did young Americans go to the cinema?
2-3
How much did of their leisure budget did working class people in Chicago spend on films?
50%
What percentage of households had a radio?
1930 - 40%
Who's party did a young girl die at?
Fatty Arbuckle (calls for censorship but Hollywood acted first, led to no nudity and restricting the length of kisses)
How many states threatened to introduce censorship legislation?
36
How many cars were on the road?
1929 - 26 million
How often did a ford model T come off the line?
1927 - every 10 seconds
When did the civil war + slavery end?
1865
When were the Jim Crow laws introduced?
1870s/1880s
When was the KKK reborn? With what film?
1915 - Birth of a Nation
How much did the black population of NY and Chicago increase by?
doubled (NY: 150,000 - 330,000)
When was the Red Scare?
1919-1921
Palmer raids
1920
Mitchell Palmer - Attorney General
informed 10,000 they would be deported
556 deported
When did the Bolsheviks seize power?
1917
Decline in Native American population
1.5 million ā 250,000 in 1920
When did Native Americans get the vote and citizenship?
1924, synder act gave citizenship
When were Sacco and Vanzetti arrested? What for?
1920
for armed robbery of a shoe factory in massachusetts and the murder of two people.
similar robberies in 1919/1920
61 witnesses at scene, 107 said elsewhere
many witnesses were Italian and couldnāt speak english = unfiar
radical anti-government pamphlets in car
When were Sacco and Vanzetti executed?
1927
Anti immigration policy
1917 - literacy test
1921 - Emergency Quota act (357,000 a year, 3% of nationality from 1910
1924 - National Origins act (150,000 a year, 27% of nationality from 1890, mainly british/irish)
1929 - 150000. no asians. 85% of places went to western europeans
what happened at monkey trial
1925 - John Scopes
fundamentalists (william jennings brian) came across as ignorant )
scopes lost and was fined $100
When did women get the vote?
1920 in all states
How many women were in jobs in 1929?
10 million, up 24% from 1920
Muncie, Indiana housewives
no middle class housewives awake before 6am
90% of working class housewives up by 6am
number of divorces
1914 - 100,000
1929 - twice as many
When was prohibition introduced? What did it ban?
January 1920 - 18th amendment (Volstead act)
banned the transportation, production and sale of intoxicating liquors
Who petitioned for Prohibition?
Women's Temperance Union (1874)
Anti Saloon league
backed by leading industries - thought workers would become more reliable
ww1 (large breweries German)
'dries' claimed 3000 infants are smothered yearly in bed by drunken parents
1916 - 21 states banned Saloons
1917 had enough states to propose Prohibition
How many stills were seized? where did most alcohol come from?
280,000
2/3 came from Canada
How many speakeasies where there? (in relation to saloons)
By 1925 there were more speakeasies than there were saloons in 1919
one in ? prohibition officers dismissed for corruption.
12
How far did alcohol consumption fall?
30% in early 1920s
How much did gangs make from the illegal sale of alcohol?
$2 billion
Chicago gangland murders
1926 - 1927: 130 murders, no arrests
Al Capone
Made roughly $60 million a year from bootlegging + speakeasies.
destroyed power of other gangs by 1929 - committing at least 300 murders.
Gave $300,000 to soup kitchen for unemployed.
St Valentines day Massacre
1929
Capone's men murdered 7 of Bugsy Moran's gang using fake police car + uniform.
When did America join the war?
1917
Why did prohibition fail?
St Valentines day Massacre
Wall Street crash
Made the country lawless
FDR elected in 1932
Prohibition repealed in December 1933
how many radio stations?, how much was nbc making?
1921 - 1
1922 - 508
nbc - $150mill a year by 1929
what music became popular? what did older generation think it was doing
jazz, corrupting younger generations
who was legendary baseball player
babe ruth
how many cinema tickets were sold in 1920, how much did they cost?
100mill
10-20 cents
changing morals + cinema - who were the sex symbols?
clara bow - it girl
rudolph valentino - women fainting during the sheik
changing attitudes towards sex/marriage + the car
contraceptice widely available
sex outside marriage more common
car allowed couples to travel places without chaperones
limitations to improvement in womenās lives
increase in women employment as cheaper labour ($18 week men, $9 women in mines)
given vote but āunelectableā, only handful of women elected by 1929
traditional ideas meant many still raised families + kept good home for husband
characteristics of flappers
short skirts, bobbed hair, bright clothes, lots of makeup
melting pot
melting away identity to form american citizens
strikes in 1919, who did they think was to blame
400,000 workers, some boston police
race riots in 25 towns
communist interference
how many kkk members
4.5 million in 1924
church bombing
april 1919, milwaukee, killed 10
postal bombs
may 1919, 36 prominent americans were posted bombs
why was palmer mocked
predicted red revolution in may 1920, nothing happened
consumer goods that benefitted women
vacuums =1920, 9% | 30%1930
1 fridge 1921 | 167 in 1929
it took who how many seconds to get alcohol
izzy einstein
new orleans 35 seconds
why were prohibition agents ineffective
poorly paid,
responsible for large area (200,000 square miles)
only 1,500 - 2,300, only 62,000 arrests made (how many werenāt)
how many arrests did izzy einstein make?
4392
attitudes towards native americans
improved as 12,000 served in ww1
poverty
worse health/life expectancy
worse education (boarding schools)
poorly paid jobs
lost land to mining companies (forced to reservations)
how many gallons alcohol seized
11.7 mill
which state didnāt introduce prohibition laws
maryland
5 things black americans did to respond
black capitalist movement encouraged business
harlem renaissance = culture + pride
black performers (josephine baker) attracted big audieces
NAACP in 1919 had 300 branches and 90,000 members, campaigned against segregation
UNIA urged racial pride āback to africa schemeā, 1 mill members in 1921
how many native american children at boarding schools? what happened
10,000+
speak english, christian, boys cut hair, western clothes
where was kkk most prominent? why?
midwest/rural south.
working class whites competed with african americans for jobs
which states had klan members as govenors?
oregon + oklahoma
why did klan decline
1925, grand wizard (david stephenson) convicted of a vicious sexually motivated murder.
became informer and exposed corruption of kkk
who did kkk target, how
parades, beatings and lynchings to intimidate african americans, jews, catholics, foreign immigrants
how were african americans prevented from voting
intimidation, violence, literacy tests
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Flashcard (127)