Upper Extremities muscle chart

Biceps Brachii

Action:

- elbow flexion

- powerful supinator of forearm

- long head flexes GH joint

Origin:

long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head- coracoid process of scapula

Insertion:

- radial tuberosity

- bicipital aponeurosis (fibrous tissue)

Innervation:

musculocutaneous nerve

Brachialis

Action:

- Primary flexor of the elbow

Innervation:

- Musculocutaneous nerve

Brachioradialis

Action:

- Flexes elbow

Insertion:

- styloid process of radius

Innervation:

- radial nerve

Triceps Brachii

Action:

- primary extensor of elbow

- long head of triceps also extends GH joint

Origin:

long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion:

- olecranon process of ulna

Innervation:

- radial nerve

Pronator teres

Action:

pronates forearm

Origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

Median nerve

Flexor carpi radialis

Action:

flexes wrist and abducts hand

Origin:

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

Median nerve

Palmaris Longus

Action:

weak wrist flexor

Origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

Median nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Action:

flexes wrist and adducts hand

Origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

Ulnar nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Action:

- flexes wrist

- flexes MP and PIP joints 2-5

Origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

Innervation:

Median nerve

Flexor pollicis longus

Action:

- flexes MP joint of thumb

- flexes IP joint of thumb

Insertion:

distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation:

median nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus

Action:

- flexes wrist

- flexes 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints, and DIP joints

Insertion:

distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

Innervation:

lateral 1/2= median nerve

medial 1/2= ulnar nerve

Pronator quadratus

Action:

pronates forearm

Innervation:

median nerve

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Action:

- extends wrist

- abducts hand

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Action:

- extends wrist

- abducts hand

Origin:

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor Digitorum

Action:

- extends wrist

- extends 2nd-5th MP, PIP, and DIP joints

Origin:

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

digits 2-5

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor digiti minimi

Action:

- extends wrist

- extends MP and PIP joints of finger 5

Origin:

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

finger 5

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action:

- extends wrist

- adducts hand

Origin:

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

radial nerve

Abductor pollicis longus

Action:

abducts thumb

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor pollicis brevis

Action:

extends MP joints of thumb

Insertion:

thumb

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor pollicis longus

Action:

extends MP and IP joints of thumb

Insertion:

thumb

Innervation:

radial nerve

Extensor incidis

Action:

extends MP, PIP, and DIP joints of finger 2 (index finger)

Insertion:

2nd finger (index)

Innervation:

radial nerve

Supinator

Action:

supinates forearm

Origin:

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Innervation:

radial nerve

Flexor pollicis brevis

Action:

flexes thumb

Innervation:

median nerve

Abductor pollicis brevis

Action:

abducts thumb

Innervation:

median nerve

Opponens pollicis

Action:

opposes thumb

Innervation:

median nerve

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Action:

flexes finger 5

Innervation:

ulnar nerve

Abductor digiti minimi

Action:

abducts finger 5

Innervation:

ulnar nerve

Opponens digiti minimi

Action:

opposition of finger 5

Innervation:

ulnar nerve

Lumbricals

Action:

- flexes MP joints of 2-5

- extends 2-5 PIP and DIP joints

Innervation:

- lateral 2 lumbricals: median nerve

- medial 2 lumbricals: ulnar nerve

Dorsal Interossei

Action:

Abducts fingers 2-5

Innervation:

ulnar nerve

Palmar interossei

Action:

adducts fingers 2-5

Innervation:

ulnar nerve

Adductor pollicis

Action:

adducts thumb

Innervation:

ulnar nerve

Trapezius

Action:

superior fibers: elevate and superiorly rotate scapula

middle fibers: retract scapula

inferior fibers: depress scapula

Innervation:

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Levator Scapulae

Action:

Elevates and inferiorly rotates scapula

Insertion:

superior medial border of scapula

Innervation:

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Major

Action:

elevates, retracts, and inferiorly rotates scapula

Insertion:

medial border of scapula

Innervation:

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor

Action:

elevates, retracts, and inferiorly rotates scapula

Insertion:

superior medial border of scapula

Innervation:

dorsal scapular nerve

Pectoralis minor

Action:

protracts and depresses scapula

Insertion:

Coracoid process of scapula

Innervation:

medial pectoral nerve

Serratus Anterior

Action:

• protracts and superiorly rotates scapula

• stabilizes scapula

Insertion:

Anterior medial border of scapula

Innervation:

long thoracic nerve

Subclavius

Action:

stabilizes and depresses clavicle

Innervation:

Nerve to subclavius

Latissimus dorsi

Action:

extends, adducts, and medially rotates GH joint

Insertion:

Intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation:

Thoracodorsal nerve

Pectoralis major

Action:

• arm flexion

• adducts and medially rotates GH joint

Insertion:

Intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation:

Lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve

Deltoid

Action:

anterior fibers: flex and medially rotate GH joint

middle fibers: GH abduction

posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate GH joint

Insertion:

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation:

axillary nerve

Coracobrachialis

Action:

adducts and flexes GH joint

Origin:

coracoid process

Insertion:

middle medial shaft of humerus

Innervation:

Musculocutaneous nerve

Teres major

Action:

extension, adduction, medial rotation of GH joint

Origin:

inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula

Insertion:

lesser tubercule and intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation:

lower subscapular nerve

Subscapularis

Action:

• medially rotates GH joint

• stabilizes GH joint

Origin:

Subscapular fossa

Insertion:

lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation:

upper and lower subscapular nerves

Supraspinatus

Action:

• Abducts GH joint

• stabilizes GH joint

Origin:

supraspinous fossa

Insertion:

Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation:

Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus

Action:

• Adducts and laterally rotates GH joint

• stabilizes GH joint

Origin:

Infraspinous fossa

Insertion:

Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation:

Suprascapular nerve

Teres minor

Action:

• adducts and laterally rotates GH joint

• stabilize GH joint

Origin:

superior lateral border of scapula

Insertion:

Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation:

Axillary nerve