Unit 4 Module 3 - Evolution and Viruses

What does immune system do?

Protects the body from foreign pathogens like viruses, bacteria, toxins and eukaryotic parasites

Major Organs of immune system

Lymph nodes, red bone marrow, spleen, thymus

Lymph node function

Filter pathogens from lymph fluid

Red bone marrow function

site lymphocyte white blood cell production and B-cell maturation

spleen

filter blood

thymus

site of t-cell maturation

Self recognition

Correct major histocompatibility complex glycoproteins must be present on the plasma membrane of all cells

Non-self Recognition

Natural killers cells kill cells not displaying correct MHC-1 glycoproteins

What is the innate immune system?

The immune system people are born with and requires no experience or prior exposure to work and do its job

Pros and Cons of innate immune system

Pros: fast acting

Cons: not disease specific and cannot defeat all pathogen types. Cannot remember past disease.

What major immune response is caused by the innate immune system?

Inflammation

What are the 3 major branches of innate immune system?

Protective Barries, Cytokines, Phagocytosis

Protective Barriers

Protect pathogens from entering body

Ex. Skin, mucous membrane, stomach acid

Cytokines

chemical signals of immune system that trigger other immune cells to fight pathogens

Ex. Histamine: increased blood flow to the region increasing immune cell presence and preventing spread of pathogens and inflammation response.

Phagocytize

engulf and kill pathogens immediately upon arrival at infection spot

What do white blood cells do

They kil and remove pathogens, debris, and dead cells

What do clotting factors do?

They close wounds and prevent excessive bleeding.

Step 1 to inflammatory Response

1. Damaged tissues secrete histamine, which increases blood flow to the area to deliver white blood cells and clotting factor.

2nd step of Inflammatory response

2. Macrophagees idntifiy and destory bacteria/viruses present

3rd step of inflammatory response

Neutrophiles clean up the area

4th step of inflammatory response

4. Clotting factors close the wound

What’s adaptive immune system?

Fights specific pathogens but cannot do so right away on first infection

Has a memory.

What are the pros and cons of adaptive immune system?

Pros: once youve been infected by a pathogen, your immune system will remeber how