Skull & Brain

What does the brain develop from?

Expansion of cranial end of neural tube

Expansions of neural tube are called…

vesicles

Regions of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

Brain stem includes…

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Cerebrum function

controls higher mental functions

gyri

elevated ridgessul

sulci

shallow grooves separating gyri

cerebral cortex

outer layer of cerebrum

cerebral cortex function

conscious thought, problem solving, personality, dreams, language

purpose of sulci and gyri

increase surface area of brain

Regions of cerebrum

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

Pre-frontal gyrus function

primary motor cortex

Post-central gyrus function

primary sensory cortex

White matter of cerebrum

communicate between brain and spinal cord

Cerebellum function

motor coordination and posture

What sits in anterior cranial fossa?

frontal lobe

What sits in middle cranial fossa?

temporal lobe

What sits in posterior cranial fossa?

cerebellum

What is included in diencephalon?

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Function of thalamus

process sensory input

Function of hypothalamus

control autonomic nervous system

Function of pituitary gland

secrete hormones

Function of brain stem

process information going to and from the cerebrum and cerebellum

Function of midbrain

processes sight, sound, triggers reflexes related to these senses

Function of pons

connects cerebellum to brain stem

Function of medulla oblongata

connect brain to spinal cord, regulate autonomic function

Dura mater

outermost tough layer

Arachnoid mater

middle, web-like layer (subarachnoid space)

Pia mater

inner layer, directly on brain

Dura mater layers

2, outer tightly adhered to inner cranium

Dural venous sinuses

open spaces between two layers of dura mater

Falx cerebri

divides cerebral hemispheres

Tentorium cerebelli

divides cerebellum from cerebrum

Falx cerebelli

divides cerebellar hemispheres

Crista galli

anchors falx cerebri

Middle meningeal artery

supplies blood to dura mater and cranium

Where does middle meningeal artery come from

external carotid artery

Internal carotid arteries through…

carotid canal

Vertebral arteries through…

foramen magnum

Internal jugular vein through…

jugular foramen

Path of cerebrospinal fluid

R and L lateral ventricles

Third ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

Fourth ventricle

Subarachnoid space

CSF eventually absorbed into…

arachnoid granulations

Protrusions of arachnoid mater into dura mater of superior sagittal sinus

arachnoid granulations