fat solubles

this is excess of beta carotene

• too much in the blood

• turns skin yellow

• happens in babies when they are weaned

• adults- tanning pills

hypercarotenemia

how can you tell the difference between jaundice and hypercarotenemia

in hypercarotenemia the the eyes stay white

• jaundice- eyes turn yellow

label of vitamin A that is an imprecise measurement but is the most popular

international units (IU)

label of vitamin A that is used in place of IUs except for on some supplements

• more accurate

milligram and micrograms

label of vitamin A that is the current unit of measure for vitamin A activity related to the amount of retinol that the body will obtain from a food

• compare to the alcohol form

retinol equivalent (RE)

a deficiency of this vitamin affects eyes (night blindness), skin, and infertility

vitamin A

permanent blindness caused form a lack of vitamin A

xerophthalmia

deficiency of a vitamin

hypovitaminosis

accumulation of keratin in the cells- in ear

hyperkeratinosis

what does teratogenic mean

producing birth defects

toxicity from vitamin A results from

supplement usage

tretinoin, accutane, and adapalene are derivatives of vitamin

vitamin A

this vitamin is nonessential and made in the skin from cholesterol

• is a vitamin but can act as a hormone

• is activated by sun exposure

• cancer protection

vitamin D

when vitamin D is a hormone it regulates

blood calcium

what food can you find vitamin D in

fortified milk and cereals, red meat, salmon

what are other names for vitamin D

calciferol, cholecalciferol

in order to absorb calcium, you need to have

vitamin D

rickets and osteomalacia result from a deficiency of vitamin

D

this is when bones get soft and bend in kids

rickets

this is soft, misshapen bones in adults- interferes with function

osteomalacia and osteoporosis

too much calcium in blood

• can cause arrhythmia, kidney damage, coma

hypercalcemia

these are the major fat-soluble antioxidants that are made of 6 different chemical compounds '

• protects cell membranes, body lipids

• amount needed increases with consumption of PUFAs

• destroyed by heating and oxidation

vitamin E

what foods can you find vitamin E in

nuts, seeds, wheat germ, whole grains, sweet potatoes, oils

hemolysis in preemie babies results from a lack of vitamin

• RBCs burst

E

toxicity with vitamin E is rare but it makes anitcoagulents/antiplatelets _ effective

more

the function of vitamin K1 is

blood clotting

the function of vitamin K2 is

formation of bone and heart health

what foods are vitamin K in

dark green veggies, egg yolks

vitamin K is produced by

bacteria in large intestine

a deficiency of vitamin K is rare but if present it increases risk of

hemorrhage (blood loss)

• single dose is given to newborns