L7: Applying AI to scientific discovery

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Last updated 3:10 PM on 4/26/26
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8 Terms

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AI as a horizontal enabling layer

Cuts across every domain

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Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP)

  • Global competition to evaluate accuracy

  • Organisers release protein sequences with unpublished 3D structures

    • Research teams submit predicted structures

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Rosetta@Home

  • Distributed computing for protein prediction

  • Volunteers run Rosetta on idle home pCs

  • Top performer on CASP

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FoldIt

  • Online video game to fold proteins

  • Players shape 3D structures to maximise “score” (stability)

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AlphaFold 1

  • Training: Protein data bank + Evolutionary information

  • Prediction: Convolutional Neural Network → Protein contact map → Protein 3D structure

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AlphaFold 2

  • Training: Protein data bank + Evolutionary information

  • Prediction: Convolutional Neural Network → Protein 3D structure

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AI applications today

  • Drugs and vaccine design

  • Understanding disease → Predict protein misfolding

  • Personalised medicine → Predict drug responses

  • Agricultural biotechnology

  • Bioengineering

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AI applications in the future

  • Programmable probiotics

  • Smart building materials

  • Brain-machine interfaces

  • Terraforming tools