PATHO370 Week 1 Study guide for chapters 1,2,4 and 7

Week 1 Study guide for chapters 1,2,4 and 7

Endemic definition

native to a local region

Definition of Etiology

Study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Identifies causal factors that, acting in concert, provoke a particular disease.

classification of Etiology: idiopathic

Cause is unknown.

classification of Etiology: Iatrogenic

Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment.

idiopathic example

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, where lung tissue scars for reasons healthcare providers cannot definitively identify.

Iatrogenic example

Developing an infection due to contaminated surgical tools, or experiencing a severe ⁠adverse drug reaction from a prescribed medication.

Risk factor

A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease

Signs:

objective or observed manifestation of disease.

Symptoms:

subjective feeling of abnormality in the body.

Syndrome:

The etiology of signs and symptoms has not yet been determined.

Latent period:

time between exposure of tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and/or symptoms. Latent period also refers to a period during an illness when signs/symptoms temporarily become mild or silent or disappear

Prodromal period

time during which first signs and/or symptoms appear indicating onset of disease.

Subclinical stage

patient functions normally; disease processes are well established.

Acute clinical course

short-lived; may have severe manifestation.

Chronic clinical course:

may last months to years, sometimes following an acute course

Remission:

decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate disease is cured.

Exacerbation:

a sudden increase in severity of disease or signs or symptoms (MS, Sickle cell disease).

Convalescence:

stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical procedure.

Sequela:

subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an illness

Sensitivity

probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a particular condition.

Specificity:

probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without a particular condition.

Epidemiology:

study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence,

incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people.

Endemic disease

native to a local region.

Epidemic disease:

spread to many people at the same time.

Pandemic disease

spread to large geographic areas.