exam 3 respiratory system

anatomical organization: upper respiratory organs

nose, nasal cavity w paranasal sinuses, 3 pharynx

anatomical organization: lower respiratory organs

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

functional organization: conducting zone (passage ways that transport air)

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, largest bronchioles

functional organization: respiratory zone (gas exchange)

respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

what are the three pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

what is the nasal cavity

primary entrance for air into respiratory system

external nares and its function

air enters nasal passage ways through here, nostrils, protection

what is included in the nasal cavity?

external nares, internal nares, nasal septum, 3 conchae, paranasal sinuses, olfactory epithelium

difference between internal and external nares

external nares is the primary entrance/ filter point for air, internal nares transitions air to the pharynx

what does the uvula do?

protect nasopharynx

what layer are the pharynx

mucosa

what is the tissue type in the nasopharynx

ciliated pseudostratisfied columnar - sensitive

what epithelial tissue is in the oropharynx

stratified squamous epithelium - tougher

what epithelial tissue is in the laryngopharynx

stratified squamous epithelium - very tough and strong

what is the larynx responsible for

sound production

what does the glottis do?

open space between vocal cords that produce sound

what three cartilages does the larynx have?

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

what type of cartilage is the epiglottis made out of

elastic cartilage

what type of cartilage is the thyroid cartilage made out of?

hyaline cartilage

what type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage made out of?

hyaline cartilage

function of epiglottis

prevents entry of liquids/ solids into respiratory tract

function of thyroid cartilage

protects glottis and entrance to trachea

function of cricoid cartilage

protects glottis and entrance to trachea

what produces mucus

goblet cells

why does the trachea have c-rings (hyaline)?

maintain an open airway for breathing and allows the esophagus behind it to expand while swallowing

sympathetic causes what to happen to the lungs and why?

bronchodilation because allows more airflow

parasympathetic causes what to happen to the lungs and why?

bronchoconstriction because it reduces the amount of breathing during times of rest and digest

true vocal cords

vocal folds

false vocal cords

vestibular folds

types of cells in alveoli

type 1 pneumocytes, type 2 pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages

what is the function of type 2 pneumocytes

secretion of surfactant

where does gas exchange occur

respiratory membrane, alveolus

function of pleural fluid

reduce friction between visceral and parietal pleura’s during respiration

ventilation

breathing - air going in and out of lungs

respiration

gas diffusion and transport of O2 and CO2

external respiration

exchange of O2 and CO2 in external environment and alveolus/lungs

internal respiration

absorption of O2 and release of CO2 by cells/ tissues