(10.1) PE 1

b, abc

IA: b, abc CA: b, acd

exp 2

The TYPICAL S/S OF INFECTION are

• Fever/Chills

• MALAISE (GENERA DISCOMFORT)

• INCREASED PULSE/RR

• NAUSEA

The ATYPICAL S/S are:

• Agitation

• Confusion

  • This could be a typical thing, but for older adults. If a younger person had confusion, that would be atypical, so this really depends on who you’re caring for.

• Incontinence

IA: b?d, CA: bc

exp 4

To BREAK THE CHAIN AT RESERVOIR, you’d DISINFECT the surface

To BREAK THE CHAIN THE PORTAL OF ENTRY/EXIT, you’d USE STERILE TECHNIQUE and PPE

• For portal of entry, you want to PROTECT ENTRY POINTS (eyes, nose, mouth, broken skin), so you HAVE TO WEAR PPE

• For portal of exit, you want to CONTAIN/BLOCK PATHOGENS FROM LEAVING THE BODY

Use HANDWASH/PPE to break MODE OF TRANSPORT

Chain of infection steps:

1. Pathogen

2. Reservoir

   1. Disinfect to prevent pathogens from leaving their home

3. Portal of exit

   1. Wear PPE/Use sterile technique to CONTAIN PATHOGENS and prevent them from leaving

4. Mode of Transportation

   1. HANDWASH to prevent pathogens from moving somewhere else

5. Portal of entry

   1. PPE/Sterile technique

6. Host

Prodromal Stage: STAGE OF INFECTION where you ARE MOST INFECTIOUS but you SHOW GENERAL S/S

The stages of infection:

1. Incubation: pathogens start to multiply; don’t show s/s

2. Prodromal

3. Full illness: SHOW SPECIFIC S/S of the disease; the immune system is most compromised

4. Convalescence: RECOVERY

abd, b

IA: c, cde?, CA: c, abd

exp 8

(C) and (E) are AIRBORNE

• Remember that the AIRBORNE DISEASES are TB, MEASLES, COVID, AND VARICELLA

• CONTACT are MRSA, C. DIFF, SCABIES, DRAINAGE WOUNDS

bc

IA: abde, b, CA: abde, c

exp 12

(C) is correct bc you want to TAKE ENTIRE DOSES TO ENSURE INFECTION IS COMPLETELY CLEARED

bc

dc

acd, b

bb

bb

Dehiscence: WOUND IS WIDE OPEN

Evisceration: WOUND IS WIDE OPEN WITH ORGANS SPILLING OUT

abd?, b

IA: a?b, CA: bb

exp 25

When the ALVEOLI COLLAPSE → AIR CAN’T FLOW IN -→ DECREASED/ABSENT BREATH SOUNDS

b, abd

ab

b, abde

cb

IA: bb, CA: bc

exp 36

Stages of infection:

1. Incubation: PATHOGENS MULTIPLY; no signs and symptoms

2. Prodromal: PT IS MOST INFECT; VAGUE SYMPTOMS

3. Illness stage: INFECTION PEAKS; SPECIFIC S/S SHOWS

4. Convalescent period: RECOVERY

IA: ace, b CA: abce, b

exp 37

(B) SKIN is also a PORTAL OF EXIT since pathogens can EXIT THROUGH OPEN WOUNDS, LESIONS, OR DRAINAGE

bb

abd, b

b?b

HAND HYGIENE BREAKS CHAIN at MODE OF TRANSPORT

PPE BREAKS chain at PORTAL OF ENTRY/EXIT

DISINFECTING BREAKS chain at RESERVOIR because disinfecting kills the bacteria that’s living there

ba

abde, d

a?b

IA: ab, CA: BB

exp 49

(B) is correct because fat tissue has a poor blood supply which SLOWS DOWN HEALING

• People who are obese has so much more fat, so it’s harder for blood to go to the site easily