Unit 2 Extended Answers

Basic structure of the Constitution

The Constitution has three main parts: the Preamble, Articles, and Amendments. The Preamble explains the purpose of the government. The Articles describe the three branches of government. The Amendments list rights and changes to the Constitution.

Amendment process

An amendment can be proposed by Congress or by the states. It must be approved by three-fourths of the states. This process is hard on purpose. It allows the Constitution to change over time.

Powers denied to both national and state governments

Both governments cannot do certain things. They cannot pass unfair laws like ex post facto laws or bills of attainder. They cannot take away basic rights like freedom of speech. These limits protect people’s rights.

Relationship among the states

States must respect each other’s laws and court decisions. Citizens are treated equally in all states. States must return people accused of crimes. This helps keep the country united.

Process for admitting new states

Congress can admit new states. A territory applies and writes a constitution. Congress approves it. The president signs it into law.

Tribal sovereignty and powers of Native American tribes

Tribal sovereignty means Native American tribes can govern themselves. They can make their own laws and governments. Tribes can control their land and membership. They can run businesses and police their areas. However, they must still follow federal laws.

Legislative Branch powers and responsibilities

The Legislative Branch makes laws. It is made up of the House and the Senate. Congress can tax, declare war, and control spending. It can check other branches by approving appointments and removing officials. This branch represents the people.

Executive Branch powers and responsibilities

The Executive Branch enforces laws. The president leads this branch. The president is commander-in-chief of the military. The president can veto laws and make decisions about foreign policy. Government agencies help carry out laws.

Role of state and local governments in elections

States run elections and set voting rules. They decide how people register and vote. Local governments run polling places. They also count votes. This means elections can be different in each state.

Solutions to increasing voter turnout

Making voting easier can increase turnout. Automatic registration helps more people sign up. Early voting and mail-in voting make voting more convenient. Teaching people about voting can encourage them. These changes help more people participate.