Introduction to Policing and Criminal Justice Practice Exam

Vocabulary flashcards covering policing history, criminal justice models, legal terminology, and criminology theories based on the lecture transcript.

Bobbies

The nickname for police officers in London.

Vigilantism

The era of policing that used private people to enforce the law.

Community Oriented Policing

An era of policing where community members help create mutual respect and strategies involve deep community participation.

United States Marshalls

The nation's oldest law enforcement agency.

Keep the Peace

Another term for the police function of maintaining order.

$$19\%$$

The approximate percentage of situations that actually require a police officer.

Problem Oriented Policing (SARA)

A police strategy involving a deep analysis of an issue in the community.

Broken Window Theory

The theory that visible signs of disorder such as graffiti or broken windows create an environment that pushes crime rates higher.

4th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that protects against unreasonable search.

Reasonable Expectation of Privacy

The legal level of privacy required in order for an act to be considered a search.

The Patriot Act

The act that gave police analysts increased authority to search phones.

Terry-stop

A temporary detention by police if they have "reasonable suspicion" that a person is or is about to be involved in a crime.

Exclusionary Rule

The rule stating that evidence gathered illegally is not admissible in court.

Informal Norm

Social expectations for behavior that are not laws, such as not wearing pajamas to work.

Sanctions

Rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior.

Legal Norm

The type of norm that, when violated, sets the criminal justice system into motion.

Crime Control Model

A model focused on efficiently suppressing crime and fast punishment rather than individual rights.

Due Process Model

A model based on constitutional protection and the rights of the offender.

Mala in se

A Latin term meaning an act that is inherently evil.

Mala prohibita

An act that is prohibited by law but not necessarily inherently evil, such as assisted suicide.

Victim Impact Statement

The description provided by a victim regarding how a crime affected them.

Beyond a reasonable doubt

The standard of proof required for a criminal trial.

Preponderance of evidence

The standard of proof required in a civil case.

Negligence

A level of mens rea where the offender acts differently from a normal, reasonable person.

Recklessness

A level of mens rea where the offender knows the dangers of their actions but does not care.

Stare decisis

The Latin term for "standing on a decision."

Rule of Law

The principle that the government can only punish when there are written laws.

Felony

A serious crime that can be punished by death or long-term imprisonment.

Misdemeanor

A crime for which a person can be jailed for up to one year.

Infraction

A crime less serious than a misdemeanor, such as forgetting to license a dog.

M'Naghten Rule

The name of the test used to determine insanity.

Entrapment

A legal defense intended to help deter police misconduct.

Duress

A defense that can be used for most crimes except murder, occurring when one is forced to commit a crime.

Victimology

The scientific study of victims.

Critical Theory

The theory that law is under the control of the ruling or wealthy class, causing the lower class to suffer.

Anomie

The sociological term for the feeling of being lost or without norms.

Corpus delicti

The Latin term for "the body of crime."

Common Law

The foundation of the US legal system, originally derived from the British.

Statute

Laws enacted by a legislative body like Congress.

$$1\%$$

The percentage of the population that has schizophrenia.

$$6\%$$

The percentage of the population that is depressed.