bio evolution vocab

Evolution

Changes in. Population over time

Species

Group of organisms that can reproduce with each other

Fossils

Preserved remains of a organism

Variation

Differences among organisms

Artificial selection

Humans choose traits

Hereditability

Traits passed down from parents

Natural selection

Environment chooses better traits that will survive

Population

Group of same species in one area

Fitness

ability to survive and reproduce

Biogeography

Where species live and how they got there

Homologous structure

Same structure different function

Analogous structures

Different structure same function

Vestigial traits

Traits that are no longer used or needed

Paleontology

Study of fossils

Punctuated equilibrium

When a species stays the same for a long time then quickly changes

Adaptive radiation

When a species splits into many different types to better fit in their diffferent environments

Cladogram

Diagram that shows relationships

Derived characters

Traits that show in new organisms and not their ancestors

antibiotic resistance

Bacteria evolved and survives the drugs

Extinction

Species dies out

VIDA

Variation, inheritance, differential survival(species that are able to live and reproduce survive longer),adaptation

Gene pool

All genes in a population

Allele frequency

How common an allele is

Normal distribution

Average traits are most common

Micro evolution

Small changes in a population

Directional selection

One extreme trait is favored

Stabilizing selection

Average trait is favored

Disruptive selection

Both extreme traits are favored

Gene flow

Movement of genes between populations

Genetic drift

Random changes in a population

Bottleneck effect

Population decreased due to natural disasters

Sexual selection

Traits for attracting mates

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

No evolution occurred

Speciation

New species forms

Reproductive isolation

When species can’t reproduce together

Behavior isolation

When species can’t reproduce because of different ways of acting

Geographic isolation

Physical barriers that prevents species from reproducing

Temporal isolation

Species can’t reproduce due to different breeding times

Convergent evolution

Unrelated species becomes similar

Divergent evolution

Related species becomes more different

Coevolution

Species evolve together

Allopatric speciation

When species gets separated due to a geographical barrier

Sympatric speciation

New species evolves due to a non geographical reason