All note on everything

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

A 12-nation trade agreement from which the U.S. withdrew in January 2017, impacting Latin American nations like Mexico, Peru, and Chile.

Sanctions Against Venezuela

Targeted sanctions imposed by the U.S. in February 2017 against Nicolás Maduro's regime, notably affecting Vice President Tareck El Aissami.

Cuba Policy Reversal

The Trump administration's June 2017 reinstatement of commercial and travel restrictions on Cuba, reversing Obama's previous policy.

Zero-Tolerance Policy

A deterrence-first strategy initiated in May 2018 by the U.S., which included family separations at the southern border.

IMF Bailout for Argentina

In June 2018, the U.S. backed a record-setting emergency loan for Argentina from the International Monetary Fund, totaling $57 billion.

USMCA

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, signed in November 2018 to replace NAFTA, introducing stricter trade conditions.

Recognition of Juan Guaidó

In January 2019, the U.S. recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela, aligning with several other countries.

Remain in Mexico Policy

A program initiated in January 2019 requiring non-Mexican asylum seekers to wait in Mexico for U.S. court hearings.

Safe Third Country Agreements

Bilateral agreements signed by the U.S. in July 2019 with Northern Triangle countries, mandating asylum applications to be processed locally.

CICIG

The U.S.-funded International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala, which was expelled by Guatemalan President Jimmy Morales in September 2019.

Helms-Burton Act

A U.S. law allowing Cuban Americans to sue foreign companies for using property confiscated during the Cuban Revolution.

Illicit Fentanyl Epidemic

A major public health crisis due to fentanyl overdoses, primarily linked to Mexican transnational cartels.

America First

A nationalist policy approach implemented during Trump's presidency emphasizing U.S. unilateralism and skepticism towards multilateralism.

Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP)

Another name for the 'Remain in Mexico' policy, implemented in early 2019 to manage asylum seekers at the U.S.-Mexico border.

Barbados Agreement

An electoral roadmap signed in October 2023 between the Venezuelan government and opposition for free and fair elections in 2024.

Biden's Root Causes Strategy

A four-year initiative launched in July 2021, committing $4 billion to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras to address socioeconomic issues.

Los Angeles Declaration

A migration management agreement endorsed by 21 nations in June 2022, focusing on shared responsibility for managing migration.

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)

A program providing deportation protections to individuals who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children.

Temporary Protected Status (TPS)

A program offering temporary protection from deportation to immigrants in the U.S. from countries experiencing crises.

Immigration Act of 1990

U.S. legislation that increased legal immigration and expanded the eligibility for immigrant admission to the U.S.

Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán

The reformist president of Guatemala (1950–1954) who implemented agrarian reform and was overthrown in a CIA-backed coup.

United Fruit Company (UFCO)

A U.S. corporation that significantly influenced U.S. policy in Central America, particularly in Guatemala.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A failed April 1961 military operation to overthrow Fidel Castro's government in Cuba, conducted by CIA-trained Cuban exiles.

Comanche Empire

A powerful indigenous polity that controlled trade and territory in North America's southern plains during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Monroe Doctrine

An 1823 U.S. policy statement asserting that the Americas were off-limits to European colonization.

Bush Doctrine

A post-9/11 foreign policy strategy asserting the right to unilateral military action against perceived threats.

Inter-American Democratic Charter

An agreement signed by OAS members affirming their commitment to democracy and a collective response to threats against it.

Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA)

A regional trade and social alliance initiated by Hugo Chávez to counter U.S.-led economic policies in the Americas.

Operation Bootstrap

An economic program in Puerto Rico aimed at industrializing the island post-WWII through tax incentives and foreign investment.

Dollar Diplomacy

A foreign policy approach that sought to replace military intervention with economic influence through loans and investments.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty ending the U.S.-Mexico war, under which Mexico ceded a large portion of its territory to the U.S. for $15 million.