UMich SOC 100 McGinn Exam 3

Babbie

What author made the assertion that we need social science to disprove what people think is obvious, therefore we need sociology to informa our thinking a dispel our misconceptions?

HINT: this author also highly advocated for welfare reform

Best

What author made the assertion that we cannot trust statistics 100% and that we always need to "keep our brains turned on" and be skeptical when reading statistics?

Positivism

What term describes that school of thought that emphasizes objectivism and using natural laws and the scientific meathos?

Verstehen (Weber)

What school of thought is associated with the subjective understanding of a participant's experience to obtain a more holistic understanding of a behavior?

1850

What date is associated with Harriet Martineu's explanation of sociological research needing to be "empirically grounded, narratively vivid" description of principles governing social life?

1900

What date is associated with Durkheim's quantitative analysis of suicide rates and DuBois's qualitative analysis of the "Philadelphia Negro" (book)?

1930

What date is associated with participant observation techniques in Chicago?

1950

What date is associated with the extensive use of statistics in Sociology?

1975

What date is associated with using statistics to perform combinations and secondary analysis to better explain social phenomena?

quantitative

What type of data is described by information that can be measured and recorded with numbers?

large-scale studies

What type of research is quantitative analysis best for?

survey

What is the most common example of a quantitative study in Sociology?

qualitative

What type of data is described by information that cannot be measured and requires more "in-depth understanding" of the topic?

Enthography/ participant observation

What is the most common type of qualitative data collection in sociology

lack of depth

What is the major disadvantage of surveys?

Ethnography

What type of Research is Elaine Bell Kaplal associated with?

Hawthorne effect

A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied

participant observation

The sociological term for ethnography; immersing one's self in a group to study the behavior of that group

Public Sector, Private Sector, Education, Non-Profit Sector

What are the four examples of where sociological research is used?

to understand social problems and formulate policy

Why is sociological research used in the Public Sector?

to understand groups for better marketing and public relations

Why is sociological research used in the Private sector?

to advance knowledge

Why is sociological research used in Education (Research Universities)?

to improve society

Why is sociological research used in the Non-Profit Sector?

activism

An intentional effort to create change is defined as...

Praxis

Marx's word for social action

collective behavior

activism, group hysteria, mob mentality and scapegoating are all defined as a type of ...

consciousness raising, community building, lobbying

Lightest 3 categories of Physical World Activism

Media activism, propaganda, economic activism, protest

Middle 4 categories of physical world activism

Stike Action, non-violent confrontation, violent confrontation, revolution

Heaviest 4 categories of Physical world Activism

Spectator, Transitional, Gladiator

What are the 3 levels of Milbrath's Hierarchy of online activism?

Clictivism, metavoicing, assertion

What are the 3 types of Spectator Activities from Milbrath's hierarchy?

clictivism

"liking", upvoting and following of certain ideas; passive endorsement

metavocing

sharing and reposting certain ideas; using another's content to align yourself with a certain belief or stance

assertion

content creation in the form of videos, images, audio, ect. that aligns yourself with a specific belief or stance

Political Consumerism, Digital Petitions, botivism, e-funding

What are the 3 types of Transitional Activities from Milbrath's hierarchy?

political consumerism

The idea that people can express their ethical values through their shopping practices

e-funding

providing revenue for a cause

data activism, exposer, haktivism

What are the 3 types of Gladiator Activities from Milbrath's hierarchy?

Data Activism

grab public data to keep it public; ex. screenshoting a tweet before someone take it down so they cannot hide what was said.

Exposure

taking private dat and making it public, may or may not had legal access to the private data in the first place

haktivism

hacking to achieve social or political goals

social movement

What term describes an organized group that acts with continuity to promote or resist change in society?

alternative, redemptive, reformative, revolutionary

What are Aberle's Types of Social Movements? (4)

alternative

Which of Aberle's Types of Social Movements is described by changing one behavior is society?

redemptive

Which of Aberle's Types of Social Movements is described by personal transformation movements? Ex. hippie, new age, religious

reform

Which of Aberle's Types of Social Movements is described by social change movements?

revolutionary

Which of Aberle's Types of Social Movements is described by a complete change of the whole system?

Mayer Zald

What was the Michigan Theorist that formulated the Resource mobilization theory of social movements?

Mass Society theory

modern anomie make non-elite individuals feel alienated, therefore, they are more likely to take extreme action against the elites.

anomie

a sense of being detached from personal/social groups

Durkheim

What classical theorist what Mass Society Theory based on?

Relative Deprivation Theory

people will organize in order to obtain things they feel they are being deprived of that are considered essential in their society.

Merton and Runciman

What classical theorists are associated with Relative Deprivation Theory?

resource mobilization theory

explored hoe movements "gain momentum by successfully garnering resources and competition with other movements

Rational Choice Theory

people can make conscious choices ro organize and seek change in their own self interest

new social movement theory

stresses cultural over structural factors; the importance of meaning systems mobilize people; new identities form as a result of being part of the group.

Opp

What theorist is associated with Racional Choice Theory?

Addams

What activist emphasized social change through service and reform?

Alinsky

What activist emphasized social change through conflict and confrontation? (most effective means are whatever will achieve the desired ends)

MLK Jr.

Who does Professor McGinn see as the "middle" between Addams and Alinsky?

Jesus and Gandi

Who did MLK Jr. see as a model for non-violent confrontation?

widening

In the past 30 years in the United States, the economic gap between rich and poor has been ___________ is is at its greatest level since the great depression.

trickle-down economics

What economic theory describes is the notion that investing in the upper class [ie the job creators] causes them to increase business and create jobs for those in the lower class.

F

T or F: Stigliz believes that trickle-down economics works.

top 20%

Over the past 50 years, the _______ have steadily bought larger and larger share of the countries total income.

highest

Inequality in the United States is the ____________ of all G7 nations.

persisted

The black-white income gap has _____________ over time.

61

______% of Americans say there is too much economic inequality.

doubled

The income gap between the richest and poorest in our society has _________ between 1989 to 2016.

5

Middle-class incomes have grown more slowly than upper-class incomes in the past _____ decades.

T

T or F: Education helps provide opportunity, but the rich have access to better education.

Gini coefficient

What is the name of the single number quantifier of economic inequality?

income, wealth

the gini coefficient is an ____________ measure, not a __________ measure

0.3

What is considered a reasonable gini coefficient?

0.5

What is considered a dangerous gini coefficient?

0.43-0.48

What is the gini coefficient for the US in 2021?

not being given access to certain sector and positions

What is the biggest contributing factor to economic inequality for women?

Not having the education or experience

What is the biggest contributing factor to economic inequality for African Americans?

less

Gay and bisexual men make 10-32% __________than heterosexual men

about the same as

Gay and bisexual women make ____________ other women

decreased

For transgender women, income _________ by 30% after transition.

increased

For transgender men, income _________ after transition.

lack of unions, taxes (capital gains tax), corporate taxes, lack of expenditure programs

How does Stigliz blame US economic inequality on society's response to market-based equalities?

Curb the excess at the top, Help the Rest, Political Reform

What are the 3 categories of changes that Stigliz would like to implement to reduce economic inequality?

Curb the financial section, tax reform

What are two ways Stigliz proposed curbing the excesses at the top?

improve access to education

What was the main way Stigliz proposed "helping the rest"?

Campaign finance reform, access to less biased information, require voting, make registration/voting easier, reduce gerrymandering

What did Stigliz prose as political reform? (5)

reform or continue on current trend

What does Stigliz propose as the 2 alternative futures for the United States?

dual economy and possible popular violence

If we continue on the same economic trend, what does Stigliz predict will happen?

amenable deaths, infant mortality, heart disease, life expectancy

What are common measures of the health of a nation

26th

Where does the US rank globally in terms of the health of its citizens?

37th

Where does the US healthcare system rank globally?

structural inequities

What term describes the systematic disadvantage of one social group over another?

social determinants

What term describes conditions in social environments that effect health risks and quality of life outcomes?

social determinants of health

Education, income and wealth, employment, health systems and services, housing, physical envirnoment, transportation, social environment and public safety are all considered the 9 __________ _______________. ___ __________.

medicare, medicaid, tricare

What are the 3 government sponsored healthcare programs?

medicare

What government program provides insurance for those 65 year old and older?

Medicaid

What government program provides insurance for those who are poor or disabled?

Tricare

What government program provides healthcare for service members and veterans?

1. care attached to employment

2. lack of primary care

3. unequal distribution by identity groups and regions

What are the 3 contributing factors to the unequal distribution of healthcare in the united states?