The Female Pelvis 1
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65 Terms
Which iliac artery primarily supplies the pelvic organs?
Internal iliac artery
3 multiple choice options
Which iliac artery primarily supplies the lower extremities?
External iliac artery
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following correctly describes the arterial blood supply pathway to the endometrium?
Aorta → Common iliac → Internal iliac → Uterine → Arcuate → Radial → Straight/Spiral arteries
3 multiple choice options
The uterine artery travels through the ______ and extends to the ______.
Parametrium; uterine fundus
3 multiple choice options
Which arteries primarily supply the outer portion of the uterus (myometrium)?
Arcuate arteries
3 multiple choice options
Which arteries travel into the myometrium from the arcuate arteries?
Radial arteries
3 multiple choice options
Which arteries supply the basal layer of the endometrium and remain intact during menstruation?
Straight arteries
3 multiple choice options
Which arteries supply the functional layer of the endometrium and are shed during menstruation?
Spiral arteries
3 multiple choice options
How do arcuate vessels typically appear on ultrasound?
Anechoic tubular structures in the outer myometrium
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the blood supply of the ovaries?
Dual blood supply from the ovarian artery and the uterine artery
3 multiple choice options
What is the general rule regarding venous drainage in relation to arterial pathways?
Veins mirror arterial pathways
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following correctly describes the drainage of the left ovarian vein?
Left renal vein
3 multiple choice options
Where does the right ovarian vein drain?
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary structural nature of the broad ligament?
A double-layered peritoneal fold
3 multiple choice options
What is the main function of the broad ligament?
Supports the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
3 multiple choice options
Where is the broad ligament located?
From the lateral uterus to the pelvic sidewalls
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary function of the round ligament?
Supports the uterine fundus and helps maintain anteversion
3 multiple choice options
What uterine position is maintained by the round ligament?
Anteverted uterus
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary significance of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
It carries ovarian vessels to and from the ovary
3 multiple choice options
The ovarian ligament connects which two structures?
Ovary to lateral uterus
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary function of the cardinal ligament?
Prevents uterine prolapse by providing lateral support
3 multiple choice options
The cardinal ligament extends from the cervix to which region?
Lateral vaginal fornix / pelvic sidewall
3 multiple choice options
What structure does the uterosacral ligament primarily help support?
Uterus and pelvic floor
3 multiple choice options
Which set correctly lists the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani and coccygeus
3 multiple choice options
Which muscle group forms the majority of the pelvic floor and is primarily responsible for supporting pelvic organs and maintaining continence?
Levator ani
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary role of the coccygeus muscle?
Acts as posterior reinforcement of the pelvic floor
3 multiple choice options
Where is the false (greater) pelvis located?
Superior portion of pelvis
3 multiple choice options
Where is the true (lesser) pelvis located?
Inferior portion of pelvis
3 multiple choice options
What is contained in the false (greater) pelvis?
Small bowel and sigmoid colon
3 multiple choice options
What is contained in the true (lesser) pelvis?
Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, rectum
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is the posterior cul-de-sac?
Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)
3 multiple choice options
What is the anterior cul-de-sac?
Vesicouterine pouch
3 multiple choice options
Where does free fluid in the pelvis most commonly collect first due to gravity?
Cul-de-sacs (especially posterior)
3 multiple choice options
What structures make up the adnexa?
Ovaries and fallopian tubes
3 multiple choice options
What is the Space of Retzius?
Space between bladder and pubic symphysis
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the uterus?
Muscular, hollow, pear-shaped, retroperitoneal organ
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following correctly describes the layers of the uterus from inner to outer?
Endometrium → Myometrium → Perimetrium
3 multiple choice options
Which endometrial layer is the superficial layer of glands and stroma that is shed during menses and contains spiral arteries?
Zona functionalis
3 multiple choice options
Which endometrial layer is the deep layer of endometrial glands that regenerates after menses and contains straight arteries?
Zona basalis
3 multiple choice options
What is the endometrial cavity?
Space between endometrial layers
3 multiple choice options
The endometrial cavity is the primary site of which processes?
Implantation and intracavitary pathology
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the cervix in relation to the vagina?
Archlike recesses called fornices, assessed around 14 weeks of pregnancy
3 multiple choice options
The cervix communicates with the uterine cavity and vagina through which structures?
Internal os → uterine cavity; External os → vagina
3 multiple choice options
What is the normal position of the uterus?
Anteverted and anteflexed
3 multiple choice options
What best describes anteversion?
Cervix forms a 90° or smaller anterior angle with the vaginal canal
3 multiple choice options
What best describes anteflexion?
Body and fundus curve anteriorly on the cervix
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following describes the premenarchal uterus size?
1.0-3.0 cm long × 0.5-1.0 cm wide
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following describes the menarchal uterus size?
6.0-8.0 cm long × 3.0-5.0 cm wide
3 multiple choice options
How does multiparity affect uterine size?
Increases uterine size by 1.0-2.0 cm
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following describes the postmenopausal uterus size?
3.5-5.5 cm long × 2.0-3.0 cm wide
3 multiple choice options
What uterine abnormality results when only one Müllerian duct develops, leading to a single uterine horn with or without a rudimentary horn?
Agenesis or unicornuate uterus
3 multiple choice options
What uterine abnormality is characterized by two separate uteri, two cervices, and possibly a duplicated vagina?
Didelphys uterus
3 multiple choice options
What uterine abnormality is characterized by two uterine horns, one or two cervices, and an external fundal indentation?
Bicornuate uterus
3 multiple choice options
What uterine abnormality results from failure of resorption of the uterine septum and is characterized by a normal external uterine contour with an internal septum dividing the cavity?
Septate uterus
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes the fallopian tubes?
Muscular, coiled tubes that open into the peritoneal cavity at the lateral end; length 10-12 cm; diameter 1-4 mm
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following correctly describes the segments of the fallopian tube?
Infundibulum (funnel-shaped, fimbriae) → Ampulla (widest, fertilization site) → Isthmus (narrow, muscular) → Interstitial (passes through uterus)
3 multiple choice options
What is the most common site of fertilization and ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube?
Ampulla
3 multiple choice options
What is the shape and approximate size of the ovaries?
Almond/elliptical, ~3 cm
3 multiple choice options
How are the ovaries suspended in the pelvis?
From the posterior aspect of the broad ligament by the mesovarium
3 multiple choice options
How are ovarian follicles and cysts best differentiated?
They are the same structure; differentiation is based on size and location
3 multiple choice options
At approximately what size is a follicle commonly considered a cyst?
≥ 2.5 cm
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following best describes ovarian structure?
Outer fibrous capsule with germinal epithelium and a central connective tissue medulla
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary function of the ovary?
Produces ovum
3 multiple choice options
Which hormone is secreted by ovarian follicles?
Estrogen
3 multiple choice options
Which structure secretes progesterone in the ovary?
Corpus luteum
3 multiple choice options