Schema nad cognitive models

Schema theory

theory that behavior and cognition are influenced by mental frameworks developed through experience.

Schema

a mental framework that organises and interprets information based on prior experience.

Schemas guide behaviour

Schemas help individuals interpret information quickly and guide responses based on past experience

Schemas reduce cognitive load

Schemas allow people to process information more efficiently by reducing the need for conscious thought

Schemas develop through experience

With repeated exposure, schemas become more detailed and organised

Schemas lead to automatic processing

As schemas develop, behaviour becomes automatic and requires less attention

Cognitive models

a way to explain mental processes, memory, thinking, and decision-making by treating the mind as an information-processing system.

Working memory model

A model of memory that explains short-term memory as an active system with multiple components (central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad)

Central executive

The component of working memory that directs attention and coordinates other subsystems

Working memory is active

Information is actively processed rather than passively stored

Different components handle different information

Verbal and visual information are processed separately in different subsystems

Central executive controls attention

The central executive allocates attention and manages tasks

Multi-store model

A model that describes memory as three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Attention is required

Information must be attended to in order to move from sensory memory to short-term memory

Rehearsal strengthens memory

Repeating information helps transfer it from short-term memory to long-term memory

Short-term memory is limited

Short-term memory has limited capacity and duration, so information can be quickly forgotten

Long-term memory is long-lasting

Long-term memory has a potentially unlimited capacity and duration

Automatic processing

Processing that occurs without conscious awareness or effort

Controlled processing

Processing that requires conscious attention and effort

Encoding

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory