Med Term Chapter 2 - Terms pertaining to the body as a whole

Anabolism

process of building up large proteins from amino acids, energy is required

Ana -

Up

"bol"

to cast

- ism

a process

catabolism

process where complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances, energy is released

cell membrane

structure that surrounds and protects, determines what enters and leaves the cell

chromosomes

rod-shaped structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

46 chromosomes

How many chromosomes do humans have?

23 chromosome pairs

How many chromosome pairs would be present on a human karyotype?

23 chromosomes

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell membrane and outside of the nucleus in which the organelles are suspended

DNA

chemical found within each chromosome, directs the activities of the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell, large proteins are synthesized from smaller proteins

genes

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Karyotype

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus, arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Metabolism

total of the chemical processes in a cell. including anabolism and catabolism

Meta -

change

Mitochondria

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal energy source for the cell.

the mitochondria

where does catabolism occur inside the cell?

Nucleus

control center of the cell that contains chromosomes which direct the activities of the cell

Androgens

male hormones

Differentiation

when cells mature and specialize into their final state

Tissue

a group of similar cells that work together to do a specific job

Histologist

a scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

Epithelial tissue

all tissue that covers the

outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs.

Where specifically is epithelial tissue found?

Outer layer of skin, lining internal organs, exocrine and endocrine glands

Muscle tissue

consists of involuntary, voluntary, and cardiac muscle tissue

Involuntary muscle tissue

What type of muscle tissue allows for movement without conscious control?

Where is involuntary muscle tissue found?

In the heart, digestive system, and other internal organs.

What type of muscle tissue allows for movement with conscious control?

Voluntary muscle tissue

Where is voluntary muscle tissue found?

Anywhere we can direct movement like legs, arms

Cardiac Muscle

Special type of muscle only found in the heart

Connective Tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

Types of connective tissue

Adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood

Nerve Tissue

Conducts impulses all over the body

Viscera

internal organs in the main cavities of the body

Systems

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

Digestive system

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Pharynx

throat, serves as the common passageway for food and air

Urinary (excretory) system

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra,

Ureters

2 tubes leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Urethra

tube from the bladder to the outside of the body

Respiratory

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs,

Larynx

Voice box located above the trachea

Trachea

windpipe, tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes

lungs

where exchange of gases takes place

Female reproductive system

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Male reproductive system

testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Endocrine system

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

Thyroid gland location

surrounds the traceha in the neck

pituitary gland location

at the base of the brain

Nervous System

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

Circulatory System

Hearts, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Types of blood vessels

arteries, veins, capillaries

Musculoskeletal System

muscles, bones, joints

Skin and sense organ system

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, eye, ear, nose, and tongue

Adipose tissue

collection of fat cells

Cartilage

What type of connective tissue is often attached to bones at joints?

What part of the body is cartilage a component of?

External ear and nose

Trachea

What structure in the respiratory system has rings of cartilage?

Epithelial cells

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Uterus

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus

Pituitary gland location

Cranial cavity

cranial cavity

brain, pituitary gland

thoracic cavity

thoracic cavity (total contents)

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

pleural cavity and mediastinum

2 parts of the thoracic cavity

Pleural Cavity

space surrounding each lung

Pleura

double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them.

Pleuritis or pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

Pleural Effusion

pleural cavity is filled with fluid

Mediastinum

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.

What does the mediastinum contain?

heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes

Abdominal cavity contents

peritoneum, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

retroperitoneal area (behind the abdominal cavity)

What "cavity" are the kidneys located in?

Diaphragm

What muscle divides the abdominal and thoracic cavity?

Pelvic cavity contents

portions of the small and alrge intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters. (uterus and vagina in females)

Spinal Cavity

nerves of the spinal cord

Pelvic cavity

Spinal cavity

Abdominal cavity

Diaphragm

Pleura

Pleural Cavity

Mediatstinum

Ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

dors/o

back

Ventr/o

belly

the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Which cavities are not separated by anything?

right hypochondriac region

right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen

right hypochondriac region

left hypochondriac region

left upper region below the rib cartilage

left hypochondriac region

epigastric region

region above the stomach

epigastric region

left lumbar region

left middle region near the waist

left lumbar region

right lumbar region

right middle region near the waist

right lumbar region