PE U2AOS1

Define physical activity.

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

Define exercise.

Planned, structured physical activity performed to improve or maintain fitness and health.

Define fitness.

The ability to function effectively and efficiently during work and leisure activities while maintaining health.

Define active transport.

Human-powered transportation used to travel from one place to another.

Define sedentary behaviour.

Time spent sitting or lying down while awake that requires ≤1.5 METs.

Define physical inactivity.

Not achieving sufficient physical activity to gain health benefits.

Define neuroplasticity.

The brain's ability to change, adapt and learn through experience.

Define hypertension.

High blood pressure.

Define Type 2 Diabetes.

A condition where the body resists insulin or fails to produce enough insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels.

Define VO₂ max.

The maximum amount of oxygen the body can take in, transport and use during exercise.

Identify the four dimensions of physical activity.

Frequency, Intensity, Time (Duration), Type.

Identify the four domains of physical activity.

Leisure/Recreation, Household/Gardening, Occupational, Active Transport.

Identify three methods used to determine exercise intensity.

Talk Test, Perceived Exertion, Heart Rate.

Identify two objective measures of physical activity.

Pedometer and Accelerometer.

Identify two hypokinetic conditions.

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.

Identify three examples of sedentary behaviour.

Watching television, gaming, prolonged sitting.

Identify three examples of leisure-time physical activity.

Sport, dance, games.

Describe frequency as a dimension of physical activity.

The number of times an activity is performed within a given period.

Describe intensity as a dimension of physical activity.

The level of effort required to perform an activity.

Describe duration as a dimension of physical activity.

The amount of time spent participating in an activity.

Describe the function of a pedometer.

Measures the number of steps taken.

Describe the function of an accelerometer.

Measures movement and speed of movement.

Describe the Talk Test.

A method of estimating exercise intensity based on how easily a person can speak during activity.

Describe the association between regular physical activity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.

Describe four characteristics of lifestyle physical activities.

Accessible, enjoyable, flexible and sustainable throughout life.

Explain how an activity can be both a lifestyle physical activity and a sport.

Activities such as cycling can be used for daily transport (lifestyle activity) and also performed competitively (sport).

Explain how a person can meet physical activity guidelines using 10-minute bouts of exercise.

Multiple shorter sessions can be accumulated throughout the day to achieve the recommended total duration.

Explain how age influences energy expenditure measured in METs.

Older individuals generally expend more energy performing the same activity due to physiological changes and reduced efficiency.

Explain whether meeting physical activity guidelines eliminates the risks of excessive sedentary behaviour.

No. Even active individuals can experience health risks if they spend excessive time sitting.

Outline the Australian Physical Activity Guidelines for 5–17 year olds.

At least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily, muscle-strengthening activities on at least 3 days per week, and no prolonged sedentary periods.

Outline the Australian Physical Activity Guidelines for adults.

At least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week or 75–150 minutes of vigorous activity.

Outline what makes up lean body mass.

Muscles, bones, organs and body fluids.

Outline three social benefits of regular physical activity.

Improved social connections, teamwork skills and community engagement.

Outline the causes of Type 2 Diabetes.

Insulin resistance, obesity, inactivity, genetics and poor diet.

Compare subjective and objective measures of physical activity.

Subjective measures rely on personal judgement (e.g. diaries), while objective measures provide factual data (e.g. pedometers).

Compare play and sport.

Play is unstructured with flexible rules, whereas sport is structured, timed and governed by rules.

Discuss the benefits of active transport.

Improves physical health, reduces pollution, lowers transport costs and decreases traffic congestion.

Discuss the health consequences of physical inactivity.

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes, osteoporosis and some cancers.

Discuss the relationship between physical activity and mental health.

Physical activity can improve mood, reduce stress and anxiety, increase self-esteem and enhance brain function.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Talk Test as a measure of exercise intensity.

It is simple and practical but less accurate than physiological measures such as heart rate monitoring.

Evaluate the use of self-report measures of physical activity.

They are inexpensive and easy to administer but may be affected by recall bias and inaccurate reporting