Convection
________- when fluid moves away from the source.
Hydrothermal vents
________- featured of rift valleys, temperature can be at 350 C.
Scientific method
________- A systematic process for obtaining and interpreting knowledge- Ask a question, for a hypothesis, observe or experiment, form theories and laws, test repeatedly.
Paleolithic humans
________ developed barbed spears and harpoons.
Mid pacific island
________ have been colonized for about 2500 years.
Ferdinand Magellan voyage
________ was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
Hot Spots
________- associated with development of island and seamount chains, Hawaii island.
Convection currents
________ in the mantle were proposed as the force that caused the ocean to grow and continents to move.
Ocean ridges
________ and rises- the longest and most continuous mountain belts on Earth.
Remote
________ sensing- Collecting data from aircraft or satellites.
Radioactive decay
________ is the primary heat source inside the earth.
Density of stratification
________- results in a an inner and outer core, a mantle and a crust.
Statutes
________ and probability- measure of how likely something is high degree of scientific certainty: 95 % probability.
20th century
In the ________ the military studied winds and currents to improve safety and navigation.
Longitude vary
________ depending on your latitude.
Bob Ballard
________ discovered hydrothermal vents in 1977.
Ptolemy
________- Charts with 360 divisions and north at the top.
Hawaii
________ was colonized around 450- 600 ce.
Pacific Ocean
________ covers 1 /3 of the earths surface.
Intraplate
________- means with a single plate.
Turbidity current
________- is the major mechanic of the formation of submarine canyons.
Charles Darwin
________ (1842) proposes a mechanism for the formation of coral atolls.
Plate tectonic
________ explains the large- scale features of life.
Rain
________ eroded the minerals in the rocks.
Guyots
________- are submerged, flat topped seamounts are most common in the pacific ocean at a depth of 1300 m.
AL Wegener
________- the concept of continental drift.
Hipparchus
________- Introduced the regular grid.
Magellan
________- first European to complete a transpacific voyage.
Abyssal
________ hill- lower relife bumps 1000m, 3300 ft) high that are scattered across the ________ plain.
Challenge expedition
________- ocean exploration was for navigation.
James
________ cook- three voyages to chart the Pacific Ocean.
Milky Way
The ________- earth has rotated around this 20 times since the ocean formed.
Earth
________ is composed of different layers, layers have different chemical and physical properties.
Seismic waves
________ bend as they encounter different density of rocks.
Mille Urey Experiment
________- a chemical experiment that stimulated the condition of how life originated.
Island
________ arcs- forms when two oceanic plates converge and ________ arc is formed by volcanic activity.
Marshall Islands
The ________ consist of two parallel island chains called rattan and ralik, which can be seen quire clearly on the map below.
Hydrothermal
________ is based on chemosynthesis not photosynthesis.
Seamounts Are steep
________ sided volcanoes.
Stars
________ form from hydrogen and ________ produce heavy elements.
Active margins
________ (Pacific Type)- associated with plate boundaries; high degree of tectonic activity.
Latitude
________ and longitude are the grid which a ship uses to know its location and navigate safely.
lithospheric plates
Are contained withing the ________ and are not next to a plate boundary.
marine science
What is ________- The process of discovering unifying principle in data obtained from the ocean.
deep ocean
Trench- arc shaped depression in the ________, Some of the most tectonically active features on earth, Deepest place on the earth crust.
Submarine canyons
________ are common features of continental slopes.
Mariana
________ trench- Deepest part of the world ocean,
Shelf
________ break- abrupt transition from continental shelf to continental slope.
scientific disciplines
Science and nature are the best journals for all ________.
What is marine science
The process of discovering unifying principle in data obtained from the ocean
World s Ocean
we have 5 oceans
Magellan
first European to complete a transpacific voyage
Relatively shallow
mid Atlantic Ridge
Least studied of all ocean, cause its hard to get there
uncharted until the 1800s
Hunter
haters along the sea shore
Hipparchus
Introduced the regular grid
Ptolemy
Charts with 360 divisions and north at the top
415 ce
the library was burned and Europe enter the dark age
Hawaii was colonized around 450
600 ce
James cook
three voyages to chart the Pacific Ocean
Charles Darwin (1809
Challenge expedition
ocean exploration was for navigation
Economic needs
fisheries, oil
Technology
Remotely operated vehicles, Underwater vehicles
Capacity
3 people
Remote sensing
Collecting data from aircraft or satellites
The Milky Way
earth has rotated around this 20 times since the ocean formed
Heavier elements condense from supernovae (exploding stars)
Most chemical elements heavier than Fe were formed in explodering stars or supernovae
Formation of earths
Compress of this material by gravity, bombardment cause the planet to melt
Density of stratification
results in a an inner and outer core, a mantle and a crust
Mille Urey Experiment
a chemical experiment that stimulated the condition of how life originated
AL Wegener
the concept of continental drift
Evidence
fossils, corals, mountains
Early mid 1900s
A technological revolution in science
Conduction
movement of heat
Convection
when fluid moves away from the source
Sea floor spreading
key idea
Active margins (Pacific Type)
associated with plate boundaries; high degree of tectonic activity
Shelf break
abrupt transition from continental shelf to continental slope
Continental slope
transition between continental shelves and continental slope
Turbidity current
is the major mechanic of the formation of submarine canyons
Guyots
are submerged, flat topped seamounts are most common in the pacific ocean at a depth of 1300 m
Abyssal hill
lower relife bumps 1000m, 3300 ft) high that are scattered across the abyssal plain
Trench
arc shaped depression in the deep ocean, Some of the most tectonically active features on earth, Deepest place on the earth crust
Mariana trench
Deepest part of the world ocean,
Island arcs
forms when two oceanic plates converge and island arc is formed by volcanic activity
Ocean ridges and rises
the longest and most continuous mountain belts on Earth
Intraplate
means with a single plate
Hot Spots
associated with development of island and seamount chains, Hawaii island
Hydrothermal vents
featured of rift valleys, temperature can be at 350 C