Exam 1

 Which structure is located in the posterior mediastinum?

Esophagus

 Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium

 During auscultation, the tricuspid valve is best heard at which location?

Left fifth intercostal space near the sternum

 Which coronary artery commonly supplies the SA node?

Right coronary artery

 A patient has damage to the left phrenic nerve. Which function would be most affected?

Contraction of the diaphragm

The apex of the heart is formed primarily by which chamber?

Left ventricle

 Which structure is responsible for delaying the cardiac action potential before it enters the ventricles?

AV node

 The right lung differs from the left lung because it has a:

Horizontal fissure

 A needle inserted into the pleural cavity should be placed just superior to a rib because:

The intercostal vessels and nerves run along the inferior border of the rib

 The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal:

Ductus arteriosus

 Which vessel drains deoxygenated blood directly into the right atrium?

Coronary sinus

 A foreign object aspirated into the airway is most likely to enter the right primary bronchus because it is:

Shorter, wider, and more vertical

 The “dub” sound of the heartbeat is caused by closure of which valves?

Aortic and pulmonary valves

 The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the:

Aortic arch near the ligamentum arteriosum

The carina is located at the:

Bifurcation of the trachea

 Which layer is directly adhered to the surface of the lungs?

Visceral pleura

The left ventricle is distinguished from the right ventricle by its:

Thicker muscular wall

 The aortic arch gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT:

Right common carotid artery

 Which structure anchors the cusps of the tricuspid valve to papillary muscles?

Chordae tendineae

 The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the:

Transverse plane

As a future physician, what will you be expected to do (1):

Use proper terminology to communicate effectively with other members of the healthcare team

As a future physician, what will you be expected to do (2):

Familiarize yourself with colloquial terms patients may use

As a future physician, what will you be expected to do (3):

Explain and converse in clear terms the patient can understand when discussing problems/plan of care

Anatomical region of the head is referred to as

cephalic

Anatomical region of the neck is called:

cervical

Anatomical region of the chest to below the belly button is referred to as:

Trunk

Anatomical region of the arms is referred to as:

Upper limbs

Anatomical regions of the legs is referred to as:

Lower limbs

Anatomical regions of the head (cephalic), includes what

cranial and face (eye, nose, ear, cheek, mouth, and chin)

What is the eye referred to as:

orbital/ocular

what is the nose referred to as:

nasal

what is the ear referred to as

otic

what is the cheek referred to as

buccal

what is the mouth referred to as

oral

what is the chin referred to as

mental

in the anatomical region of the trunk, what is involved

chest, breast, naval (belly-button), and groin

in the trunk, what is the chest referred to as

thoracic

in the anatomical region of the trunk, what is the naval (belly-button) referred to as

umbilical

in the anatomical region of the trunk, what is the groin referred to as

inguinal

in the trunk, what is the breast referred to as

mammary

in the trunk, what is in the abdominal region?

umbilical = naval/belly-button

in the trunk, what is in the pelvis/perineum?

inguinal = groin

in the upper limbs, what is involved?

shoulder, arm pit, arm, forearm, inner elbow, and hand

in the upper limbs, what is the shoulder referred to as?

acromial

in the upper limbs, what is the arm pit referred to as?

axilla

in the upper limbs, what is the arm referred to as?

brachial

in the upper limbs, what is the forearm referred to as?

antebrachial

in the upper limbs, what is the inner elbow referred to as?

cubital

in the upper limbs, what is the hand broken down into?

wrist, palm, thumb, and fingers

in the upper limbs, what is the wrist referred to as?

carpal

in the upper limbs, what is the palm referred to as?

palmar

in the upper limbs, what is the thumb referred to as?

pollex

in the upper limbs, what is the fingers referred to as?

digital/phalangeal

in the lower limbs, what is involved?

thigh, knee, leg, and foot

in the lower limbs, what is the thigh referred to as?

femoral

in the lower limbs, what is the knee referred to as?

patellar

in the lower limbs, what is the leg referred to as?

crural

in the lower limbs, what is the foot referred to as?

pedal

in the foot, what is this broken down to?

ankle, toes, big toe, sole, and top of foot

in the foot, what is the ankle referred to as?

tarsal

in the foot, what is the toes referred to as?

digital/phalangeal

in the foot, what is the big toe referred to as?

hallux

in the foot, what is the sole of the foot referred to as?

plantar

in the foot, what is the top of the foot referred to as?

dorsum

on the posterior side, what is the trunk broken down to?

shoulder blade, lower back, and sacral (top of the butt, like inner lines)

on the posterior side of the trunk, what is the shoulder blade referred to as?

scapular

on the posterior side of the trunk, what is the lower back referred to as?

lumbar

on the posterior side of the trunk, what is the sacral referred to as?

sacral, it has no other name

on the posterior side of the upper limbs, what is included?

elbow, and back of hand

on the posterior side of the upper limbs, what is the elbow referred to as?

olecranal

on the posterior side of the upper limbs, what is the back of the hand referred to as?

dorsum

on the posterior side of the lower limbs, what is included?

buttock and back of knee

on the posterior side of the lower limbs, what is the buttock referred to as?

gluteal

on the posterior side of the lower limbs, what is the back of knee referred to as?

popliteal

what is the abdomen referred to as?

abdominal

the standard way to describe body parts in relation to one another

anatomical position

what is anatomical position

standing upright, facing forward, upper limbs down at the side, palms facing forward, lower limbs close together with feet parallel

When telling the location of structures, does it matter what position the patient is currently in?

no, it is always described with regard to anatomical position

define anterior and what is the other name for it?

towards the front, ventral

define posterior and what is the other name for it?

towards the back, dorsal

What is superior

above

what is inferior

below

what is cranial

towards the hed

what is caudal

towards the tail (buttock)

what is medial

towards the midline

what is lateral

away from the midline

what is superficial

towards the surface

what is deep

towards the inside

what is proximal

closer to the point of origin

what is distal

further from point of origin

what is supine?

facing upwards

what is prone?

facing downward

what are the three major planes

sagittal, coronal (frontal), transverse (axial)

what is the sagittal plane?

vertical plane that passes longitudinally through the body; divides the body into left and right parts

what does the sagittal plane provide the ability to observe?

anterior-posterior relationships and superior-inferior relationships

what is the coronal plane?

vertical plane that passes longitudinally through the body; divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

what does the coronal plane provide the ability to observe?

left-right/medial-lateral relationships and superior-inferior relationships

what is the transverse plane?

horizontal plane; divides the body into superior and inferior parts; radiological view is from foot to head

what does the transverse plane provide the ability to observe?

left-right/medial-lateral relationships and anterior-posterior relationships

what does this image show?

sagittal