Biology

MRS C GREN

An acronym for the characteristics of living organisms: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Control, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

Kingdoms of Living Organisms

Classification of living organisms into groups: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Bacteria, Protoctists, and Viruses.

Saprotrophic Nutrition

A mode of nutrition where organisms secrete enzymes to absorb nutrients from dead organic matter, characteristic of fungi.

Iodine Test

A test for starch, producing a blue-black color when starch is present.

Lock and Key Model

A model describing how a substrate fits into an enzyme’s active site.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis

The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from dilute to concentrated solutions.

Aerobic Respiration

A process where glucose and oxygen produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Stomata

Small openings on plant leaves that regulate gas exchange.

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Homeostasis

The process of maintaining stable internal conditions in an organism.

Reflex Arc

The pathway of a reflex action, which involves stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, and effector.

DNA

A double helix molecule that carries genetic information, made up of bases adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses based on dominant and recessive traits.

Selective Breeding

The process of choosing specific traits in animals or plants to produce desired characteristics.

Cloning

The process of producing genetically identical organisms.