fluid, electrolytes, and acid base balance
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50 Terms
ICF
Fluid inside cells
ECF
Fluid outside cells
Osmosis
Movement of water across membranes
Diffusion
Net movement of solutes without energy
Loss
Water balance depends on gain vs loss
Sodium
Major cation in ECF
Potassium
Major cation in ICF
Chloride
Major anion in ECF
ADH
Hormone that conserves water
Aldosterone
Hormone that increases sodium retention
Natriuretic
Hormone released by heart to reduce blood volume
ADH
Triggered by increased osmotic concentration
Dehydration
Excessive water loss condition
Hyperhydration
Excessive water gain condition
Osmosis
Movement of water toward higher solute concentration
Hydrostatic
Pressure pushing fluid out of capillaries
Osmotic
Pressure pulling fluid into capillaries
Blood
Lymph returns fluid to blood
ECF
Sodium gain causes fluid shift to ECF
ICF
Sodium loss causes fluid shift to ICF
Hypothalamus
Primary regulator of thirst
Aldosterone
Hormone from adrenal gland regulating Na⁺
ICF
Most body water is in ICF
Acidic
pH below 7
Basic
pH above 7
Acid
Substance that donates H⁺
Base
Substance that accepts H⁺
7.4
Normal blood pH
Carbonic
Acid eliminated via lungs
Hemoglobin
Buffer system in RBCs
Bicarbonate
Main extracellular buffer system
Carbon dioxide
Gas influencing blood pH
Decrease
High CO2 causes pH to decrease
Increase
Low CO2 causes pH to increase
Respiratory
Rapid pH correction via breathing
Renal
Slow pH correction via kidneys
Amino groups
Protein buffers rely on amino groups
Kidneys
Fixed acids are excreted by kidneys
Hyperhydration
Water intoxication is called hyperhydration
Shrink
High ECF osmolarity causes cells to shrink
Swell
Low ECF osmolarity causes cells to swell
Aldosterone
Hormone increasing K⁺ secretion
Sodium
Ion exchanged with K⁺ in kidneys
Bone
Most calcium stored in bone
PTH
Hormone increasing blood calcium
Calcitonin
Hormone decreasing blood calcium
Bone
Most phosphate stored in bone
Phosphate
Buffer system important in urine
Decrease
Increased respiration causes CO2 to decrease
Increase
Decreased respiration causes CO2 to increase