ONIA BACK

Splenius Proximal Attachment

Nuchal Ligament & spinous process of C7-T6 vertebrae

Splenius Distal Attachment(s)

Splenius Capitis: Fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Splenius Cervicis: Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae

Splenius Nerve Innervation

Posterior RAMI of spinal nerves

Splenius Action

Acting unilaterally: Laterally flexes the neck and rotates the head to side of active muscles

Acting bilaterally: Extend the head and neck

iliocostalis Lumborum Origin

Middle crest sacrum iliac crests, SPs T11-L5 supraspinous ligaments

iliocostalis Lumborum Insertion

Angles ribs 5-12

iliocostalis Lumborum Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion & Ipsilateral rotation

Bilateral: Extension

iliocostalis Thoracis Origin

Angles ribs 6-12 (medial to insertion of lumborum)

iliocostalis Thoracis Insertion

Angle of ribs 1-6, TP C7

iliocostalis Thoracis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion & Ipsilateral rotation

Bilateral: Extension

iliocostalis Cervicis Origin

Angles ribs 3-6

iliocostalis Cervicis Insertion

TPs C4-C6

iliocostalis Cervicis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion & Ipsilateral rotation

Bilateral: Extension

Longissimus Thoracis Origin

TPs & accessory processes L1-L5, Thoracolumbar fascia

Longissimus Thoracis Insertion

TPs T1-T12, ribs 3-12 (between angle and tubercle)

Longissimus Thoracis action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion & Ipsilateral rotation

Bilateral: Extension

Longissimus Cervicis Origin

TPs T1-T5

Longissimus Cervicis Insertion

TPs C2-C6

Longissimus Cervicis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilateral: Extension

Longissimus Capitis Origin

TPs T1-T5, articular processes C4-C7

Longissimus Capitis Insertions

Mastoid process

Longissimus Capitis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilateral: Extension

Spinalis Thoracis Origin

SPs T10 or T11 to L2

Spinalis Thoracis Insertion

SPs T1-T8

Spinalis Thoracis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilateral: extension

Spinalis Cervicis Origin

Lower part of ligamentum nuchae, SPs C7-T2

Spinalis Cervicis Insertion

SPs C2

Spinalis Cervicis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilateral: extension

Spinalis Capitis Origin

Blends with semispinalis capitis

Spinalis Capitis Insertion

Medial to and with semispinalis capitis

Spinalis Capitis Action

Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilateral: extension

Semispinalis Thoracis Origin

TPs T6-T10

Semispinalis Thoracis Insertion

SPs C6-T4

Semispinalis Thoracis Action

Unilateral: Contralateral rotation

Bilateral: extension

Semispinalis cervicis Origin

TPs T1-T6

Semispinalis Cervicis Insertion

SPs C2-C5

Semispinalis Cervicis Action

Unilateral: Contralateral rotation

Bilateral: extension

Semispinalis Capitis Origin

TPs C7-T7, articular processes C4-C6, (SPs C7-T1 occasionally)

Semispinalis Capitis Insertion

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Semispinalis Capitis Action

Unilateral: Contralateral rotation

Bilateral: extension

Multifidus Origin

Dorsal surface of sacrum to 4th foramen, aponeurosis of ES, PSIS, posterior SI ligaments, mammillary processes of L/S, TPs T1-T12, articular process C4-C7

Multifidus Insertion

Fibers run superomedially to SPs 2-4 segments above, Deep fibers connect adjacent vertebrae

Multifidus Action

Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

Rotatores Origin

Thoracis: TPs (upper posterior part)

Cervicis & Lumborum: Irregular, variable with similar attachments

Rotatores Insertion

Lower border and lateral surface of lamina immediately above

Rotatores Action

Posture; Stabilize vertebrae; proprioception

Interspinales Origin

Superior surfaces of spinous processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Interspinales Insertion

Inferior surfaces of spinous processes of vertebra to vertebra of proximal attachmentI

Interspinales Nerve Innervation

Posterior RAMI of spinal nerves

Interspinales Action

Aid in extension and rotation of vertebral column

Intertransversarii Origin

Transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Intertransversarii Insertion

Transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Intertransversarii Nerve insertion

Posterior and Anterior RAMI of spinal nerves

Intertransversarii Action

Aid in lateral flexion of vertebral column; acting bilaterally, stabilize vertebral column

Rectus capitis posterior major Origin

Spinous process of axis (C2)

Rectus capitis posterior major Insertion

Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Rectus capitis posterior major Nerve Innervation

Posterior ramus of C1

Rectus capitis posterior major Action

extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle

Rectus capitis posterior minor Origin

Posterior tubercule of atlas (C1)

Rectus capitis posterior minor Insertion

Medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Rectus capitis posterior minor Nerve innervation

Posterior ramus of C1

Rectus capitis posterior minor Action

Extension of Head

Obliquus capitis superior Origin

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Obliquus capitis superior Insertion

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Obliquus capitis superior Nerve innervation

Posterior ramus of C1

Obliquus capitis superior Action

extension of head and bends it to same side

Obliquus capitis inferior Origin

Spinous process of axis (C2)

Obliquus capitis inferior Insertion

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Obliquus capitis inferior Nerve innervation

Posterior ramus of C1

Obliquus capitis inferior Action

Rotation of face to same side