A&P II Exam 3 KEY TERMS

Ch. 22, 23, 25

tidal volume (TV)

amt of air inhaled/exhaled with each breath under resting conditions (quiet breathing)

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

amt of air forcefully inhaled after normal TV inspiration

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

amt of air forcefully exhaled after normal TV expiration

residual volume (RV)

amt of air remaining in lungs after forced expiration

total lung capacity (TLC)

max amt of air contained in lungs after max inspiratory effort

vital capacity (VC)

max amt of air expired after max inspiratory effort

inspiratory capacity (IC)

max amt of inspired after normal TV expiration

functional residual capacity (FRC)

volume of air remaining in lungs after normal TV expiration

minute ventilation (MV)

amt of air moved in & out of lungs per minute

alveolar ventilation (AV)

amt of air reaching alveoli per minute

eupnea

normal breathing

tachypnea

fast breathing

bradypnea

slow breathing

aprea

no breathing

hypernea

abnormally rapid/ deep breathing

hypopnea

abnormally slow/ shallow breathing

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

orthopnea

difficulty in breathing that occurs when lying down & relieved upon changing to upright position

incisor

cutting/ bitting

canine/ cuspid

shredding/ tearing

premolar & molar

grinding/ crushing (mastication)

duodenum

a “mixing bowl”

jejunum

bulk of chemical digestion & absorption

microvilli

brush border

rugae

folds in stomach for expansibility

taeniae coli

3 bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

digestive system

alimentary organs canal/ gastrointestinal & accessory structures

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

amt/ volume of filtration formed by both kidneys each minute

macula densa

inhibit release of nitric oxide (NO) dilate blood vessels

buffers

remove excess H+, HCO3-

blood

transports waste

liver

detoxifies through metabolism

lungs

CO2, H20, & heat

sweat glands

heat, H20, salt, urea

GI tract

solid waste, CO2, H20, salt, heat

polyuria

excess urination

oliguria

below normal urination

anuria

absence of urination

hematuria

blood in urine

nocturia

urination at night

dysuria

painful urination

retention

inability to empty bladder

incontinence

involuntary urination

greater omentum

“fatty apron” greater curvature of stomach (fat deposite on fat ppl)

falciform ligament

anchors liver to diaphragm

lesser omentum

suspends stomach to liver (lesser curvature)

mesentery

anchors small intestine to back of wall

mesocolon

attaches transverse & sigmoid colon together

sinusitis

infection/ inflammation of cranial sinuses that drain into nasal cavities

peritonitis

inflammation of peritoneum (causes of: ruptured appendix, stomach ulcer, pancreatitis, cirrhosis)

gastric juices

HCI, pepsin (pepsinogen), intrinsic factor, gastric lipase