Body Systems - Skeletal and Muscular Review

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank practice questions based on anatomical terminology, body systems, skeletal and muscular functions, and related disorders.

__________ tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.

Epithelial

The outer protective covering of the body is the __________.

skin

__________ membranes line closed body cavities and reduce friction.

Serous

__________ membranes line open body passages and secrete mucus.

Mucous

__________ tissue supports, binds, and connects body structures.

Connective

__________ tissue stores fat and provides insulation.

Adipose

Structures that connect muscle to bone are called __________.

Tendons

Structures that connect bone to bone are called __________.

Ligaments

Bone and cartilage are classified as __________ connective tissue.

supporting

Tissue capable of contraction to produce movement is __________ tissue.

Muscle

Voluntary muscle attached to bones is __________ muscle.

Skeletal

The muscle that pumps blood through the heart is __________ muscle.

Cardiac

Muscle found in organs and blood vessels is __________ muscle.

Smooth

Tissue that transmits electrical impulses is __________ tissue.

Nervous

The organ system responsible for support and protection is the __________ system.

Skeletal

The __________ system works with bones to produce movement.

Muscular

Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes is the function of the __________ system.

Cardiovascular

The __________ system plays a major role in immunity.

Lymphatic

Gas exchange occurs in the __________ system.

Respiratory

The system responsible for breaking down food is the __________ system.

Digestive

The skin is part of the __________ system.

Integumentary

Rapid control and communication are functions of the __________ system.

Nervous

Hormone regulation is controlled by the __________ system.

Endocrine

Waste removal and fluid balance are functions of the __________ system.

Urinary

The standard reference position used in anatomy is the __________ position.

Anatomical

Toward the front of the body is described as __________.

Anterior

Toward the back of the body is described as __________.

Posterior

Toward the head is __________.

Superior

Toward the tail is __________.

Inferior

Above another structure is __________.

Superior

Below another structure is __________.

Below

Toward the midline of the body is __________.

Medial

Away from the midline of the body is __________.

Lateral

Closer to the point of attachment is __________.

Proximal

Farther from the point of attachment is __________.

Distal

Toward the surface of the body is __________.

Superficial

Farther from the surface is __________.

Deep

The plane that divides the body into left and right portions is the __________ plane.

Sagittal

The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the __________ plane.

Frontal (coronal)

The plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions is the __________ plane.

Transverse

The cavity that protects the brain and spinal cord is the __________ cavity.

Dorsal

The cavity that contains the brain is the __________ cavity.

Cranial

The cavity that houses the spinal cord is the __________ cavity.

Spinal

The cavity that contains the heart and lungs is the __________ cavity.

Thoracic

The cavity that contains digestive organs is the __________ cavity.

Abdominal

The cavity that contains reproductive organs is the __________ cavity.

Pelvic

The abdominal region located above the stomach is the __________ region.

Epigastric

The region that contains the navel is the __________ region.

Umbilical

The lower middle abdominal region is the __________ region.

Hypogastric

The upper lateral abdominal regions are the __________ regions.

Hypochondriac

The middle lateral abdominal regions are the __________ regions.

Lumbar

The lower lateral abdominal regions are the __________ regions.

Iliac (inguinal)

The right upper abdominal quadrant is abbreviated __________.

RUQ

The left lower abdominal quadrant is abbreviated __________.

LLQ

Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as __________ bones.

long

Bones that provide protection and have broad surfaces are __________ bones.

flat

The kneecap is an example of a __________ bone.

Sesamoid

Mature bone cells are called __________.

Osteocytes

Cells that build new bone tissue are called __________.

Osteoblasts

Cells that break down bone tissue are called __________.

Osteoclasts

The process of bone formation is known as __________.

Ossification

The soft spots in an infant’s skull are called __________.

Fontanels

The shaft of a long bone is the __________.

Diaphysis

The ends of a long bone are called the __________.

Epiphyses

The cavity that holds bone marrow is the __________ canal.

Medullary

The outer covering of bone is the __________.

Periosteum

The inner lining of bone is the __________.

Endosteum

Cartilage that reduces friction at joints is __________ cartilage.

Articular

The skeleton consisting of the skull, spine, and ribs is the __________ skeleton.

Axial

The skeleton consisting of the limbs and girdles is the __________ skeleton.

Appendicular

Freely movable joints are classified as __________.

Synovial

Slightly movable joints are called __________.

Cartilaginous

Immovable joints are called __________.

Fibrous

Blood cell production in bones is called __________.

Hematopoiesis

Storage of calcium and phosphorus is a function of the __________ system.

Skeletal

Protection of vital organs is a function of the __________ system.

Skeletal

The ability of a muscle to shorten is called __________.

Contractility

The ability to respond to a stimulus is __________.

Excitability

The ability to stretch is known as __________.

Extensibility

The ability to return to original shape is __________.

Elasticity

Continuous partial contraction of muscles is called muscle __________.

Tone

A decrease in muscle size due to disuse is called __________.

Atrophy

An increase in muscle size due to use is called __________.

Hypertrophy

Reduced ability of muscle to contract is known as muscle __________.

Fatigue

The fixed attachment of a muscle is the __________.

Origin

The movable attachment of a muscle is the __________.

Insertion

Inflammation of a tendon is called __________.

Tendinitis

A torn muscle is referred to as a __________.

Strain

A disorder characterized by widespread muscle pain is __________.

Fibromyalgia

A protrusion of an organ through muscle is a __________.

Hernia

Progressive muscle degeneration is known as __________.

Muscular dystrophy

Autoimmune muscle weakness is called __________.

Myasthenia gravis

A bacterial disease causing muscle rigidity is __________.

Tetanus

Loss of bone density is known as __________.

Osteoporosis

Wear-and-tear arthritis is called __________.

Osteoarthritis

Autoimmune arthritis is called __________.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Excess uric acid causing joint pain is __________.

Gout

An abnormal outward curvature of the spine is __________.

Kyphosis

An exaggerated inward curvature of the lower spine is __________.

Lordosis

A lateral curvature of the spine is called __________.

Scoliosis