physics final pt 1

Matter is measured in ___________.

kilograms

Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of ___________.

matter

Ice and steam are examples of two forms of ___________.

matter

The formula E = mc2 led to the development of ___________.

nuclear power

Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of _________ energy.

electromagnetic

A moving object has ____________ energy.

kinetic

The removal of an electron from an atom is called ___________.

ionization

Ionizing radiation removes ____________ from atoms.

electrons

The energy of x-rays is ___________.

electromagnetic

Biggest source of man-made radiation exposure ____________.

diagnostic x-rays

Natural radiation exposure in US is about _________ mSv/year.

0 to 5

___________ is a special quantity of radiologic science.

radioactivity

Radiology is considered a(n) ___________ occupation.

safe

ALARA means ___________.

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Computed tomography was developed in the ________.

1970s

Filtration is used to ____________.

absorb low-energy x-rays

Mass is the quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence.

True

Radiation is the removal of an electron from an atom.

False (Ionization)

Radiology emerged due to Snook transformer and Coolidge tube.

True

Basic quantities in mechanics are ________, ________, ________.

mass, length, time

Derived mechanical quantity example __________.

volume

Exposure is measured in ___________.

grays

Decimal of 4/1000 __________.

.004

Decimal of 289/74 __________.

3.90

First step in scientific notation __________.

write number in decimal form

6080 in exponential form __________.

6.080 × 10^3

Graphs use _________ and _________.

x-axis, y-axis

Not a special radiologic quantity __________.

distance

Mass density units __________.

kg/m³

SI unit of velocity __________.

meters per second

Object at rest will __________.

stay at rest

Difference between speed and velocity __________.

velocity has direction

Newton’s law (equal/opposite) __________.

third law

Work = __________ × distance.

force

Infrared heat transfer __________.

thermal radiation

Touching hot object __________.

conduction

Boiling water heat transfer __________.

convection

MRI cryogens __________.

liquid helium and liquid nitrogen

Stretching rubber band stores __________ energy.

potential

Term “atom” originated from __________.

Greeks

Element composed of identical atoms proposed by __________.

John Dalton

Smallest particle of element __________.

atom

Periodic table developed by __________.

Mendeleev

Rutherford model __________.

nucleus with electron cloud

Bohr model __________.

electrons in defined orbits

Fundamental particles __________.

proton, neutron, electron

Element determined by number of __________.

protons

Neutral atom charge __________.

zero

Energy levels called __________.

shells

Same protons different neutrons __________.

isotope

Atoms combine to form __________.

molecules

Gain/loss electrons forms __________.

ion

Electron shell formula __________.

2n²

Neutral atom has equal __________ and electrons.

protons

Innermost shell __________.

K

Shell number called __________.

principal quantum number

Atomic number symbol __________.

Z

Aluminum protons __________.

13

Same atoms different energy states __________.

isomers

Photon properties __________.

frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude

Smallest EM radiation unit __________.

photon

Speed of EM radiation __________.

3 × 10^8 m/s

Sine wave rate __________.

frequency

1 Hz equals __________.

1 cycle/sec

Wave equation __________.

c = fλ

Constant property of EM __________.

velocity

Wavelength doubles → frequency __________.

decreases by half

Intensity vs distance __________.

inverse square

Reduction of intensity __________.

attenuation

Intensity decreases because __________.

spreads over area

Diagnostic x-ray range __________.

30–150 kVp

Photon energy proportional to __________.

frequency

X-rays identified by __________.

energy

Lowest EM energy __________.

radio waves

Gamma rays originate in __________.

nucleus

Photon interaction size __________.

equal to wavelength

Highest frequency → __________ wavelength.

shortest

Smallest electrical charge __________.

electron

Charge movement occurs by __________.

electrons

Like charges __________, unlike __________.

repel, attract

Electrostatic force __________ distance relation.

inverse

Charge distribution __________.

evenly

Charges concentrate at __________.

sharpest curvatures

DC source __________.

battery

Electric potential unit __________.

volt

Electric potential creates __________.

current and magnetic field

AC represented by __________.

sinusoidal wave

Device using DC __________.

flashlight

AC produced by __________.

generator

Ohm’s Law __________.

I = V/R

Moving charge creates __________.

magnetic field

Electrical power unit __________.

watt

Rubber/glass are __________.

insulators

Electron rotation __________.

spin

Aligned dipoles form __________.

magnetic domain

AC cycle time US __________.

1/60 sec