RP1 - Exam 2 - CH3

What anatomy separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm

What is the fibrous, muscular tube with 16 to 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings?

Trachea

The portion of the lung that reaches above the clavicles is called:

Apex

True or False:

The right primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left.

True

What organ of the respiratory system is composed of parenchyma and covered by a double-walled serous membrane sac called pleura?

Lungs

What anatomy is located in front of the vertebrae and behind the nose, mouth and larynx, and serves as a passage for air and food?

Pharynx

What anatomy is a moveable, tubular structure approximately 4 cm in length and is the organ of voice?

Larynx

The level of the trachea bifurcation is the:

Carina

What degree of tube angulation is required for a PA chest radiograph?

0 degrees (perpendicular)

Where should the central ray be directed for a PA chest radiograph?

Midsagittal plane (MSP) at the level of T7

How should patients be positioned to ensure that the scapulae do not superimpose on the lung fields when performing a PA chest radiograph?

Hands on the hips with shoulders rolled forward

When performing a PA chest radiograph, how should the patient be instructed to breathe?

“Take a deep breath in, blow it out, take a second deep breath in, and hold it”

What is the recommended CR entrance point for a lateral chest radiograph?

Midcoronal plane at the level of T7

What is the recommended SID for a lateral chest radiograph?

72 in

When performing a PA upright chest radiograph, a 72 in SID should be used in order to:

Compensate for increased OID between the heart and the IR.

During a PA chest radiograph, where should the IR be positioned in relation to the patients shoulders?

1.5-2 in above the shoulders

For an AP lordotic chest radiograph, the CR should be directed:

3 - 4 in below the jugular notch

For the AP axial projection, lordotic position of the chest, a patient should be instructed to lean backward how many degrees?

15 - 20 degrees

If a patient is on a stretcher and unable to stand, how should the patient’s arms be positioned to accurately obtain a lateral upright chest radiograph?

Place the patients arms above their head

Where should the CR be directed for an AP chest radiograph if the patient is semi-erect on a stretcher?

3 - 4 in inferior to the jugular notch

When performing an AP upright chest radiograph when the patient is on a stretcher, the technologist must insure that the angle of the tube matches the angle of the:

IR

What is the recommended SID for a lordotic chest radiograph?

72 in

How long should a patient be in the decubitus position prior to exposing a lateral decubitus chest radiograph?

5 mins

When positioning a patient for a lateral chest radiograph on a stretcher, which side of the patient should be placed in the IR?

Left side

How many posterior ribs will be demonstrated above the diaphragm in a correctly performed AP portable chest?

8 - 9

For an AP semi-erect, portable chest x-ray, the CR should be directed:

3 - 4 in inferior to the jugular notch

When positioning a sthenic patient for an AP portable chest radiograph, the top of the IR should be placed:

1.5 in superior to the soft tissue of the shoulder

What is the preferred patient position for an AP chest radiograph when the patient cannot stand?

Semi-erect

What is the recommended SID for an AP chest radiograph?

72 in

When performing an AP mobil chest radiograph, which of the following planes must be perpendicular to the IR?

Midsagittal plane

During which phase of respiration should AP mobil chest radiograph be taken at?

Second inspiration

To ensure that an AP mobil chest radiograph is free of rotation what structures should appear symmetrical?

Ribs and Clavicals

How should a patient be instructed to breathe prior to exposing an AP soft tissue neck radiograph?

Slow, deep inspiration

Where should the CR be centered for AP soft tissue neck radiographs?

Laryngeal prominence

What SID is used for an AP soft tissue neck radiograph?

40 in

What is the recommended SID for a lateral soft tissue neck radiograph?

72 in

How should a patient be positioned for a lateral soft tissue neck radiograph?

Sitting or standing at the upright bucky

What is the correct marker and correct marker placement used to indicate the left side of the patient for a left lateral soft tissue neck radiograph?

Left marker placed anteriorly

What is the optimal vertical collimation for a lateral soft tissue neck radiograph?

12 in

Which of the following is the carina associated with?

Bifurcation of the trachea

Which of the following statements is accurate in reference to the lung’s vascular marking on a PA chest radiograph?

Vascular markings appear thinner in the superior portions of the lungs.

A pathological condition in which air or gas enters the pleural space is called:

Pneumothorax

Which of the following conditions would demonstrate as the absence of the diaphragm contour and blunting of the costophrenic angle?

Pleural effusion

When evaluating a PA chest radiograph, a radiologist notes an absence of lung markings and a pleural line on the patients right side. Which of the following pathologies is the most likely cause for this appearance?

Pneumothorax

What is the musculomembranous tubular structure located in front of the vertebrae and behind the nose, the mouth, and the larynx?

Pharynx

Which structure of the neck is approximately 1.5 inches in length and is situated below the root of the tongue and in front of the laryngeal pharynx?

Larynx

Which structure forms the laryngeal prominence?

Thyroid cartilage

Which structure prevents leakage into the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis

What is the most superiorly located structure of the neck?

Pharynx

What is the name of the last tracheal cartilage that marks the point of bifurcation?

Carina

Where does the exchange of oxyen and carbon dioxide take place in the lungs?

Alveoli

The upper rounded portion of the lung is termed:

Apex

What is the name of the area between the two pleural cavities?

Mediastinum

All of these structures are demonstrated within the mediastinum on a PA chest projection except:

Diaphragm

When performing the AP projection of the soft tissue neck, at what level do you direct the central ray for the upper airway?

Laryngeal prominence

When performing the AP projection of the soft tissue neck, at what level do you direct the central ray for the larynx and superior mediastinum?

Manubrium

Identify the breathing instructions when performing the AP and lateral projections of the soft tissue neck:

Slow inspiration

Which pathologic condition of the lung involves the replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli?

Pulmonary edema

Why should chest images be performed with a 72 in SID?

To minimize magnification of the heart

Why should chest images be performed after the patient has suspended respiration after the second inspiration?

To expand the lungs better

Which reference to the IR, how are the midsagittal plane and the midcoronal plane positioned for the PA projection of the chest?

Midsagittal: Perpendicular; Midcoronal: parallel

For the PA projection of the chest, which positioning maneuver is used to ensure removal of the scapulae from the lung field?

Rotate the shoulders forward

Which is used to detect rotation of the patient in a PA projection image of the chest?

The asymmetric appearance of the sternoclavicular joints

For which projection should the midsagittal plane be parallel with the IR?

Lateral projection

Which reference to the IR, how are the midcoronal plane and the midsagittal plane positioned for the lateral projection of the chest?

Midcoronal: perpendicular; Midsagittal: parallel

Which projection of the chest best demonstrates lung apices free from superimposition with the clavicles?

AP axial projection, lordotic position

Using a lateral decubitus position for patients who are unable to stand upright best demonstrates which of the following pathologic conditions of the chest?

Air or fluid levels

With reference to the IR, how are the midsagittal plane and midcoronal plane positioned for the AP chest, left lateral decubitus position?

Midsagittal: perpendicular; Midcoronal: parallel

Which pathologic condition of the lungs is best demonstrated with the AP chest, left lateral decubitus position?

Fluid levels in the left side or free air in the right side of the chest

Which radiographic position requires that the patient be placed supine with the IR placed vertically aginst the patients right side and a horizontal CR directed to the center of the IR?

Dorsal decubitus

Which radiographic position requires the patient to be in the prone position?

Ventral decubitus

Which evaluation criterion is used to evaluate proper lung aeration on a PA projection of the chest?

Ten poterior ribs should be visible above the diaphragm

Which evaluation criterion is used to evaluate a lateral chest image for rotation?

The ribs posterior to the vertebral comumn should be superimposed.

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP axial projection, lordotic position image of the chest?

The ribs should appear distorted.

When performing the AP axial projection, lordotic position image of the chest, at which level do you direct the central ray?

Midsternum

Which lung has 3 lobes and 3 bronchi?

Right lung

Which lung has 2 lobes and 2 bronchi?

Left lung

Aspirated foreign objects are more likely to lodge in the:

Right primary bronchus

The level of the trachea bifurcation is the:

Carina

What structure is located in front of the vertebrae and behind the nose and mouth?

Pharynx