major minerals and bone health

osteoporosis: ___ of bone especially trabecular (____ bone) by the increase of ___. Causes major ___, ___, and spine breaks. Risk are increase in ___, gender (___ especially after ___), lack of ___, low wight, decrease in ___ and vitamin ___, smoking and alcohol

loss/ spongy/ osteoclast/ wrist/ hip/ age/ women/ menopause/ exersise/ calcium/ D/

calcium absorption: increased by ___ and ___ in a meal and activated vitamin_____ . decreased by ____, tannins, phytates, oxalates from plants

acid/ lactose/ D/ fiber

calcium functions: critical roles in regulation of ___ activity, muscle ____, nerve ___.

enzyme/ contractions/ conduction

regulation of blood calcium: ___ hormone raises blood calcium which decreased vitamin ___ activation. ___ lowers blood calcium

PTH/ D/ calcitonin

phosphorus: sources mainly from ____

protein

phosphorus function: ___ mineral, ___, ATP, buffering ___ and a deficiency is ____ but excess phosphorus may lower ___ absorption

bone/ phospholipid/ pH/ rare/ calcium

magnesium: sources in seeds, ___, beans, and dark leafy ___. Phytate and too much __ can interfere with absorption

nuts/ gree/s calcium

magnesium functions: ___ mineral and ____ for enzymes

deficiency: ___ but could cause ____, ___ disease, ____ and osteoporosis

toxicity: for ____ causing nausea, vomiting, , ___and low___

bone/ cofactor/ rare/ hypetension/ heart/ diabetes/ supplements/ diarrhea/ BP

Sulfur: no ___ intake for sulfur but humans require sulfur containing ___ ____. Sulfur is a part of the vitamins ___and ___

recommended/ amino acids/ thiamin/ biotin