[BOT 14] Angiosperm Reproductive Features

Tomato

Berry

Eggplant

Berry

Papaya

Berry

Cucumber

Pepo

Squash

Pepo

Watermelon

Pepo

Orange

Hesperidium

Lemon

Hesperidium

Calamansi

Hesperidium

Mango

Drupe

Coconut

Drupe

Apple

Pome

Pomegranate

Balausta

Milkweed

Follicle

Peas

Legume

Beans

Legume

Peanut

Legume

Mustard

Silique

Shepherd’s purse

Silicula

Okra

Capsule

Devil’s trumpet

Capsule

Rice

Caryopsis

Corn

Caryopsis

Wheat

Caryopsis

Leather flower (Clematis)

Achene

Sunflower

Cypsella

Wild daisy (Tridax)

Cypsella

Cashew

Nut

Maple

Samara

Dipterocarps

Samara

Goosefoot (Chenopodium)

Utricle

Peduncle

Stalk that connects the receptacle to the stem

Receptacle

Fleshy tissue where floral parts are attached

Sepals (Calyx)

Leaf-like appendages that protect the flower bud

Petals (Corolla)

Colored appendages that attract pollinators

Perianth

Collective term for calyx and corolla, non-essential in reproduction

Stamen (Androecium)

Male part composed of filament and anther

Pistil (Gynoecium)

Female part composed of ovary, style, and stigma

Nectaries

Glands that secrete nectar

Corona

Platform for pollinators associated with petals or stamens

Involucre

Fusion of bracts or spathes protecting inflorescence

Pollen Grains

Reduced male gametophyte with pollen tube cell and generative cell

Embryo Sac

Reduced female gametophyte with egg, synergids, antipodals, and central cell

Pollination

Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil

Pollen Germination

Formation and growth of pollen tube on stigma

Pollen Tube Growth

Growth through style to ovule delivering sperm cells

Double Fertilization

Formation of diploid zygote and triploid endosperm

Actinomorphic

Flower with two or more axes of symmetry

Zygomorphic

Flower with one axis of symmetry

Spiral Phyllotaxy

One appendage per node

Whorled Phyllotaxy

Three or more appendages per node

Alternate Arrangement

Sepals and petals not aligned

Opposite Arrangement

Sepals and petals aligned

Apopetalous

Petals are free

Gamopetalous

Petals are fused

Adnate

Fusion of different organs

Hypogynous

Floral parts attached below superior ovary

Epigynous

Floral parts attached above inferior ovary

Perigynous

Floral parts attached to hypanthium

Basal Placentation

Ovules located at base of ovary

Marginal Placentation

Ovules attached on one side of ovary

Parietal Placentation

Ovules attached on inner ovary wall

Free Central Placentation

Ovules on central axis without septa

Axile Placentation

Ovules along central axis with septa

Spike

Inflorescence with sessile florets

Spadix

Fleshy spike with spathe

Raceme

Inflorescence with pedicellate florets

Corymb

Flat-topped raceme

Panicle

Branching raceme

Cyme

Inflorescence with central floret blooming first

Umbel

Florets arising from common point

Head

Sessile florets on flat peduncle

Dicot Seed Development

Has globular, heart, torpedo, and mature stages

Monocot Seed Development

Has no distinct stages

Seed Coat

Protective outer layer from integument

Endosperm

Food reserve rich in starch, oils, proteins

Embryo

Immature plant

Epicotyl

Develops into stem and leaves

Mesocotyl

Connects cotyledon

Hypocotyl

Develops lower stem

Radicle

Develops root

Cotyledon

Stores food in dicots and absorbs in monocots

Epigeal Germination

Seed parts grow above ground

Pericarp

Develops from superior ovary

Fruitwall

Develops from inferior ovary

False Fruit

Develops from receptacle

Simple Fruit

From one pistil

Aggregate Fruit

From one flower with many pistils

Multiple Fruit

From inflorescence

Exocarp

Outer fruit layer

Mesocarp

Middle fleshy or fibrous layer

Endocarp

Inner layer surrounding seeds

Aril

Fleshy seed covering from funiculus

Lychee

Fruit with edible aril

Longan

Fruit with edible aril

Rambutan

Fruit with edible aril

Lanzones

Fruit with edible aril

Santol

Fruit with edible aril

Mangosteen

Fruit with edible aril

Pomegranate

Fruit with edible aril