APHUGVOCAB

African city model

Features three CBDs: colonial CBD, informal market zone, and transitional business center; distinct levels of development and functions.

Blockbusting

Unscrupulous practice convincing White homeowners to sell at lower prices due to fear of African-American families moving in.

Bid-rent theory

Geographical theory on how real estate price and demand change as distance from the CBD increases.

Boomburb

Rapidly growing suburban city with a population typical of urban core cities.

Brownfields

Land previously used for commercial or industrial purposes that became contaminated.

Burgess Concentric zone model

City divided into five zones by function: CBD, Zone of Transition, Independent Workers' Homes, Better Residencies, and Commuters' Zone.

Census tract

Area designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for publishing statistics; corresponds to neighborhoods.

Christaller's Central-place theory

Theory in flat regions where goods are sold in all directions, based on population and income distribution.

Decentralization

Process where population and industry shift from urban centers to outlying areas.

Disamenity Zones

Areas lacking desirable features, such as food and medical access.

Edge city

Suburban cities that function similarly to urban areas but in a decentralized environment.

Environmental injustice

Unequal exposure of communities of color and the poor to pollution and poor environmental protections.

Exurb

Small communities beyond the suburbs of a city.

Galactic city model

Model where economic activity shifts from the CBD to the urban fringe.

Gentrification

Restoration of urban areas by the middle class, leading to the displacement of lower-income residents.

Gravity Model

Discusses interaction levels between two places.

Greenbelts

Land rings maintained as open space to limit urban sprawl.

Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model

Urban model showing cities form by integrating multiple focal points or nodes.

Hoyt sector model

Theory that cities develop in sectors influenced by transportation routes.

Inclusionary zoning

Ordinances requiring new construction to include affordable housing.

Infilling

Building small multi-family units in open spaces to increase urban density.

Infrastructure

Basic facilities and services necessary for a community's functioning.

Latin American city model

Dominated by CBD, with distinct market and high-rise sectors; features a disamenity sector.

Megacities

Cities with populations of at least 10 million.

Metacities

Cities with populations of at least 20 million.

Mixed land use

Buildings with multiple functions to improve proximity to services.

New Urbanism

Movement promoting walkable neighborhoods with diverse housing and job options.

Primate city

The largest city in a country, representing national culture, often the capital.

Qualitative data

Data that captures unique personal perspectives and feelings.

Quantitative data

Statistical data allowing for objective measurements.

Rank-size rule

Model where city population inversely correlates with its rank.

Redlining

Discriminatory real estate practice preventing minority groups from obtaining housing in white neighborhoods.

Slow Growth Cities

Urban communities implementing smart growth to control horizontal expansion.

Smart-growth policies

Regulations aimed at preventing sprawl and retaining farmland.

Southeast Asian City Model

Features colonial port zone and mixed-use districts, lacking a formal CBD.

Squatter Settlements

Unregulated collections of buildings where inhabitants have no legal land rights.

Suburbanization

Population movement from urban areas to rural-urban fringes.

Urban renewal

Redevelopment of inner-city areas, typically involving slum clearance.

Urban sprawl

Uncontrolled expansion of populations into low-density communities.

Walkability

The degree to which environments are friendly to pedestrian activity.

Urbanization

Increasing percentage of populations living in urban settlements.

World cities

Cities that act as influential global economic centers.

Zones of abandonment

Areas where populations have permanently left due to better living conditions elsewhere.

Greenbelt

Rings of land to limit sprawl, maintained as parks or open spaces.

Land tenure

Allocation of property rights to land and access permissions.

Inclusionary zoning laws

Legislation requiring affordable housing in new constructions.