GMU_IT-342 Final Exam CYUs 7 - Roundup (Holdener)

7.1 What is a file attribute?

Metadata about a file.

7.1 What use are file attributes to the Information Technologist?

They can be used to determine untoward activities on the system.

7.1 The two biggest issues with using files are:

Performance and corruption.

7.1 What is one method a file system uses to determine which application program applies to a file?

The last three or four characters after the stop character determine the application program.

7.1 What is a file?

A collection of data for use in the future.

7.2 What is a directory?

A cataloging system used to reference files.

7.2 Which of the following types of paths is shortest?

Either, not enough information.

7.2 Which of the following could not be a volume?

File

7.2 How would you change the working directory of your system?

Through the cd command.

7.2 If the current working directory from figure 7.4 were Programming, what would be the relative path to the directory Fixed Wing?

./../../../Personal/RC Models/Fixed Wing

7.3 Updating a file allows a user to

modify, delete, or add to the files data

7.3 While sharing allows a user to access another user's files, security seeks to:

Keep track of the user's actions

7.3 A simple security mechanism uses

read, write, and execute.

7.3 What is not part of file security?

Digital Rights Management

7.3 Methods of sharing include

copying, third-party software, and hard links.

7.4 What is the internal fragmentation of a 26,934-byte file in a system with 1 KB blocks?

2.6%

7.4 A file system can work with only

an indexing and free space management system.

7.4 Transactions and journaling help with what aspect of a file system?

Integrity

7.4 With spanned blocking,

multiple secondary memory blocks may contain parts of the same record.

7.4 Locating a file involves

recursively locating each directory to the file from the root.

7.5 What is one security flaw in NTFS?

File contents can be fully in the MFT

7.5 What two techniques are required to ensure files are managed?

Indexing and Free space management

7.5 In the FAT file system, where are attributes stored?

FAT

7.5 The Apple File System indexes with

B-trees.

7.5 In the FFS file system, where are attributes stored?

In the iNodes

8.1 Why do microprocessors not directly control memory anymore?

The speed of microprocessors has outpaced memory.

8.1 What does an overlay offer?

The ability to use programs larger than the available memory

8.1 What is Logical Memory?

Memory that is set up by software and used by programs.

8.1 The advantages of virtual memory do not include

increased access time

8.1 Types of physical memory include all except

DROM

8.2 If the base register is 1D2F5 and the virtual address is CD4, what is the physical address?

1DFC9

8.2 If the base register is 5C65E and the virtual address is 24E, what value must the limit register contain for the physical address to be valid?

Must be less than 5C8AD

8.2 What is the point of address translation?

To convert the virtual address to a physical address

8.2 Which are located in the microprocessor

Base Register and Limit Register

8.2 What advantage does concatenation offer in translation?

Speeds up the calculation

8.3 Fixed partitioning methods suffer from

internal fragmentation

8.3 (T/F) Performance in paging always improves as the number of page frames increases.

FALSE

8.3 Dynamic portioning methods suffer from

external fragmentation

8.3 Which method allows for the most control over protection?

Paging

8.3 Paging allows for

Relocation

8.4 What is the internal fragmentation for a 5,754,234 program with 1 MB pages?

8.5%

8.4 What would cause a page fault to take twice as long as normal?

A dirty page

8.4 What is the most reasonable page reference string?

222222222222233333333333333333

8.4 What is a page fault?

An error that indicates the requested page is not in memory.

8.4 What is the page fault rate for a 1K page?

0.097%

8.5 What is NOT a technique to keep track of free memory?

Grouping

8.5 Relocation is the ability to

move a programs' memory around the system

8.5 What is the short-term fix to thrashing?

Reduce the degree of multiprogramming

8.5 How is the TLB not like a cache?

It is accessed in parallel.

8.5 Bitmaps cannot be used with

dynamic partitioning

10.1 The values from microprocessor registers are in which category of PCT data?

State

10.1 A program is ______ while a process is ______.

a sequence of instructions, an instance of instructions

10.1 How have processes affected the security of computer systems?

Processes have increased the security of computer systems.

10.2 Process traces provide us with information on

the flow of a program

10.2 A process that has no restrictions could be in which state? (select multiple answers)

Ready, Running, Ready/suspend

10.2 Very large executable files are created by

static linking

10.3 On a Linux System what does Nigel's monitor do?

A performance monitoring tool that displays parameters of subsystems

10.3 Where can you view performance graphs in a Windows system?

In the Task Manger

10.4 Another name for threads includes

light-weight process

10.4 Two approaches to implementing threads are:

kernel level and user level

10.4 The advantages of threading include all of the following, except?

high overhead

11.1 In message passing, a zero-capacity buffer

means the sender must wait to continue until the receiver responds

11.1 Which IPC method can be used in a distributed environment?

Message passing

11.1 What is NOT a reason for a process to cooperate with another process?

Ensure it is not affected

11.2 Each of the following conditions is required for a critical section except

Safety

11.2 Why are race conditions bad?

They provide results that are not always correct and are difficult to track down.

11.2 The primary cause of errors with shared state is

Sequential thinking

11.3 What is NOT a method of recovery from deadlock?

Do nothing

11.3 The three methods of handling deadlock are

prevention, avoidance, detection

11.3 Deadlock is

two or more processes waiting indefinitely for an event

12.1 Preemption is

the sudden shift of a process from Running to Ready before it is complete.

12.1 The most difficult scheduling goal to achieve is

fairness

12.1 The scheduler that is run most often is the

short-term.

12.2 Which metric does Round Robin favor?

Response time

12.2 What happens if the quantum becomes too large in Round Robin

It degrades to FCFS

12.2 How would the ready state be implemented for FCFS?

With simple FIFO queue

12.3 What is a disadvantage of affinity scheduling?

Overworking some CPUs

12.3 Scheduling all the threads of a process together is known as

Gang scheduling

12.3 One multiple CPU configuration is

Peer-to-peer

13.1 What differentiates a real-time system from a non-real-time system?

There is a time component.

13.1 If Task D has a period of 20 msec and executes in 5 msec. Task E has a period of 40 msec and executes in 10 msec. And task F has a period of 60 msec and executes in 15 msec. For the periodic real-time tasks D, E, and F, are the tasks schedulable on a single processor and why?

Yes, guaranteed by rate monotonic scheduling.

13.1 What is one method to ensure real-time tasks are schedulable?

Overprovisioning.

13.2 The characteristics of an embedded system include all of the following except

Reliance on function calls

13.2 When would an embedded Operating System be inappropriate?

When performance is an issue

13.2 How does embedded code differ from other system code?

Generally, a simple loop with interrupts performing specific functions

13.3 One method of sharing memory in a distributed system is

Distributed shared memory

13.3 The advantages of distributed systems include all of the following except

Reduced complexity

13.3 A programming abstraction that supports distributed systems is

Middleware

13.4 What constitutes a virtual machine?

Files

13.4 What is the difference between a type 1 and type 2 hypervisor?

Type 1 does not need an Operating System

13.4 What is a virtual system?

A system that can host multiple Operating Systems at the same time

13.5 What is the most prevalent architecture in mobile phones?

Layered

13.5 Which Operating System has the majority of the mobile market?

Android

13.5 What characteristic distinguishes a mobile system?

Portability

R.1 What Operating System abstractions have we talked about in this book? (select the four that apply)

processes, threads, files, and directories

R.1 On a Linux system, what is the difference between a process running in the foreground and a process running in the background?

running a process in the background returns control immediately to the shell session

R.1 What is the difference between a text string and a number in the computer?

Nothing

R.1 For a Linux system, what is the difference between redirection and piping?

redirection changes the source or destination while piping routes the output of a process to another's input

R.1 For a Windows system, what is the difference between a cumulative update and a build?

a build is an entirely new version of the Windows Operating System

R.1 Why do computers have Operating Systems? (Select the three that apply)

To run third-party programs, To coordinate simultaneous activities, To allow multiple users access