Environmental science

This covers a bunch of environmental science stuff. Key = means neutral, - means negative, + means positive, ^ means increase

All relationships types in an ecosystem?

• Predation

• Mutualism

• Parasitism

• Competition

• Commensalism

Commensalism meaning?

1 species benefits and the other doesn’t benefit nor is not negatively affected by the other species

species 1 = +

Species 2 = =

Competition meaning?

Two species fight for the same limiting resource

Species 1 = —
Species 2 = —

Mutualism meaning?

Two species positively effect each other through interacting

Species 1 = +
Species 2 = +

Predation meaning?

Species 1 hunts species 2 for food (applies to herbivores as well e.g. giraffe eats leafs)

Species 1 = +
Species 2 = —

Parasitism meaning?

Species 2 leaches off of species 1 for benefits such as laying eggs or neutrients

Species 1 = —
Species 2 = +

What is a food web?

A food web is a complex and realistic model/diagram showing how organisms in a habitat interact with each other for energy

What is a food chain and what does it represent

A food chain represents the flow of energy transfer from one biotic factor to another in the form of a line

what is each rank of consumer in a food chain and what order do they follow?

( E.G. _______ —> _________ —> _________ —> ___________ )

Producer —> Primary consumer —> Secondary consumer —> tertiary consumer —> Quaternary consumer (very rare and un-needed to learn)

What is a Heterotroph and their types?

A heterotroph needs to consume other organisms to live
Types of heterotrophs:
- Omnivore
- Carnivore
- Herbivore

What is an Autotroph?

An organism that produces its own food

What are Trophic levels?

• Trophic levels are the different steps or positions that an organism occupies in a food chain or web.

• Each step in a trophic level represents a step in the movement of energy from one organism to another

What are Earth’s 4 spheres?

• Atmosphere

• Preferably Lithosphere but can be (Geosphere)

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

What is the Atmosphere?

The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope around the earth

What is the Lithosphere?

The lithosphere is the earth and its physical features and landscape

What is the Biosphere?

The biosphere is all living things supported on earth

What is the Hydrosphere?

The hydrosphere is all water at or near the surface of the earth this includes groundwater, lakes, rivers, oceans, freshwater

What is an open system?

An open system is when both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings

What is a closed system?

A closed system is when JUST energy is exchanged with its surroundings and NOT matter

Is earth an open or closed system?

earth is an open system due to matter not entering or escaping and energy can enter and escape

What is Evaporation?

Evaporation is the process of water being added to the atmosphere in the form of water vapour

What is Transpiration?

Transpiration is the process of water being removed from plant leaves

What is Condesation?

Condesation is the process where water vapour condenses into a cloud

What is Precipitation?

Precipitation is the process where the atmosphere holds so much water vapour it rains

Label the carbon cycle
Word bank:
- sun
- ocean
- oceanic carbon
- respiration
- diffusion
- lithospheric carbon
- land
- fossil fuels
- photosynthesis
- combustion
- organisms store carbon