Acids, Alkalis, and Indicators Review

Flashcards covering the properties of acids and alkalis, chemical reactions, pH scale classification, and interpretation of pH data from common drinks.

What ions are typically present in acids?

$H^+$ ions (hydrogen ions).

What ions are typically present in alkalis?

$OH^-$ ions (hydroxide ions).

What are the products of a reaction between an Acid and a Metal?

Salt and Hydrogen.

What are the products of a reaction between an Acid and a Metal Oxide?

Salt and Water.

Define the process of neutralisation in terms of reactants and pH.

Neutralisation occurs when an acid reacts with an alkali to produce a salt and water; the pH moves toward $7$ as the $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions react.

What is the general classification for a substance with a pH less than 7?

An acid.

What is the general classification for a substance with a pH of 7?

Neutral.

What is the general classification for a substance with a pH greater than 7?

An alkali.

What specific type of salt is formed from Hydrochloric acid?

Chloride.

What specific type of salt is formed from Nitric acid?

Nitrate.

What specific type of salt is formed from Sulphuric acid?

Sulfate.

What is the rule for naming salts?

The first part of the name comes from the metal in the alkali or oxide, and the second part comes from the acid used.

What is the difference between a concentrated acid and a dilute acid?

A concentrated acid contains a large amount of acid particles in a given volume, whereas a dilute acid contains a smaller amount of acid particles in the same volume.

Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with lithium?

Lithium chloride.

Which salt is formed when sulphuric acid reacts with barium?

Barium sulfate.

Which salt is formed when nitric acid reacts with sodium?

Sodium nitrate.

How does blue litmus paper behave in acid, alkali, and neutral solutions?

It turns red in acid, stays blue in alkali, and stays blue in neutral.

What is an advantage of using a pH probe and data logger instead of universal indicator?

It provides a more accurate, numerical pH value and removes the subjectivity of matching colors by eye.

According to the provided data, which drink has the lowest pH range and is therefore the strongest acid?

Coke, with a pH of $2.5-3.5$.

Based on the drink data, which drink is the weakest acid?

Soda water, with a pH of $5.5-6.0$.

Which drink from the data is considered alkaline?

Milk ($8.0-8.5$) or Tap water ($7.5-8.0$).

If a dentist suggests drinking only alkaline or neutral drinks, which two from the list are most suitable?

Milk and Tap water.

To improve the method when testing drink pH, what should Harry do after his initial test?

Repeat the test multiple times and calculate an average to ensure reliability.