urinary, nephron/renal corpuscle/tubule specific

parts in renal corpuscle and where

cortex

glomerulus and glormerular capsule

parts of renal tubule adn where

cortex and medilla

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

renal corpuscle: GLOMERULUS

filter

structure → tuft of fenestrated capillaries (highly porous)

significance → high permeability allows rapid passge of fluid and solutes from blood to capsule

renal corpuscle: GLOMERULAR CAPSULE overview/layers

collector

parietal layer

visceral layer

renal corpuscle, GLOMERULAR CAPSULE, PARIETAL LAYER

external simple squamous epithelium

functions as structural container

renal corpuscle, GLOMERULAR CAPSULE, VISCERAL LAYER

internal layer composed of podocytes

forms filtration slits (which act as final physical sieve for filtrate)

combination of fenestrations (glo) and filration slits (glo capsule) significance

ensures water and small solutes pass through while large proteins and BLOOD CELLS are retained

renal tubule: PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (pct)

→ simple cuboidal with DENSE MICROVILLI (brush border)

significance → massive surface area for reabsorption of water, glucose and amino acids

renal tubule: NEPHRON LOOP, DESCENDING LIMB

thin segment

→ simple squamous with FEW mitochondria

significance → high permeability to water only, concentration increases as it goes down bc water goes out

renal tubule: NEPHRON LOOP, ASCENDING LIMB

thick segment

→ simple cuboidal to columnar with ABUNDANT mitochondria

significance → pumps solutes (Na+, Cl-); impermeable to water

renal tubule: DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (dct)

→ simple cuboidal, FEW microvilli

→ significance: more secretion than absorption via hormonal regulation

renal tubule: COLLECTING DUCT general

recieves filtrate from many nephrons

preforms final adjustments to urine concentration via hormonal regulation (ADH)

renal tubule: composition/parts of collecting duct

principle cells

intercalated cells

renal tubule: COLLECTING DUCT, PRINICPLE CELLS

→ cuboidal cells with sparse microvilli

significance → maintain water and Na+ balance

renal tubule: COLLECTING DUCT, INTERCALATED CELLS

→ cuboidal cells with prominent microvilli

significance → regulated acid-base balace

juxtaglomerular complex: general

one/nephron

regulation of filtrate formation and BP

afferent arteriole and distal portion of ascending limb

juxtaglomerular complex cells: granular cells

enlarged, smooth mucle cells of AFFERENT arteriole

secretory granules have renin (BP)

function → baroreceptors that sense blood pressure

juxtaglomerular complex: macula densa cells

tall closely packed cells of ASCENDING limb of nephron loop

function → act as chemoreceptors that sense NaCL content of filtrate

juxtaglomerular complex cells: extraglomerular mesangial cells

found btwn macula densa and granular cells

interconnected w gap junction

function → may pass signals btwn macula densa and granular cells