Fluids & Density

These flashcards cover key concepts related to fluids and density based on the lecture notes.

Phases of Matter

The three common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Solid

A phase of matter with a definite shape and size.

Liquid

A phase of matter with a fixed volume that can take any shape.

Gas

A phase of matter that can take any shape and is easily compressed.

Fluid

Matter that does not have a fixed shape and adjusts to the shape of its container.

Density (𝜌)

The mass (m) per unit volume (V) of a substance, expressed as 𝜌 = m/V.

SI unit for density

The SI unit for density is kg/m³.

Specific gravity

The ratio of the density of a substance to that of water.

Density of water at 4°C

1000 kg/m³.

Density of Aluminium

2700 kg/m³, resulting in a specific gravity of 2.7.

Comparing densities

A ton of feathers and a ton of bricks have the same mass, but feathers occupy a larger volume due to lower density.