W2 O&S

   Manufacturing & packaging

-        Manufacturing process decision are very important to a firm because:

a)    Very expensive and extensive (dai han). The type of manufacturing process that a company selects dictates the types of workers & equipment that is needed, the types of products that can be made and the kinds of in4 systems that can be implemented into business. It’s a huge financial commitment

b)    Different processed have different strengths and weaknesses. (có sp quy trình linh hoạt, đa dạng sp >< quy trình chuyên sản xuất chuyên hoá (standardized)- chi phí thấp)

5 basic (classic) manufacturing processes:

Production line

Continous flow

Job shop

Batch production

Fixed position layout

-       Each five basic manufacturing processes have certain characteristics which include the layout of the processes in the production facility:  

product-based/line layout: arranged sequentially (sx theo thu tu)

functional/process layout: grouped by function or type of operation

cellular layout: grouped by product family

 

Production line (product- based layout): automative plants, food processing, beer bottling

Continous process (product-based layout): oil refineries, steel making, paper making

Batch production (functional or semi product-based layout): bakery, furniture, clothes, skincare

Job shop process (functional layout): machine tools shops, garage services, printing shops, certain luxury => Easy for customization

Mass customization= Mass production + customization

Motive: consumers want individual customization choices + participate in the design

Pros: reduce manufacturing cost, lead time, enhance customer satisfaction

Cons: increase operational complexity, other costs, forecasting challenges

  Manufacturing strategies

-       Make-to-stock (MTS): no customization, produced in large volumes, keeping a finished goods inventory

-       Assemble-to-order (ATO): customized only at the end of the manufacturing process (vd: mc donal)

-       Make-to-order (MTO): use standard components but the final configuration(hinh the) & assembly (lap rap) of the components (thanh phan) is customer specific (VD: ikea)

-       Engineer-to-order (ETO): products that are designed and produced from the start to meet unusual customer needs or requirements.

Packaging

a)    Packaging perspective and functions:

-       Customer: sales, promotion, service, in4, protection, handling

-       Industrial: protective, storage, handling, transportation, in4 (barcodes)

b)    Flexible devices: can adapt the size

Pros: cheap, easy handling, flexible dimensions

Cons: product vulnerability (de bi ton thuong), Traceability (su truy tim nguon goc)  of pack

c)    Rigid devices

Pros: material movement efficiency, reduces: damages, pilferage (an cap), protective packaging requirements, enviromental impact

Cons: fixed dimensions (kich thuoc co dinh), expensive, reverse flow

d)    Labelling regulations: legal in4, energy, danger, barcode/QR/RFID

e)    Building blocks concept/Unitization

The Unitization Process:

❑ Individual products are packed in cartons

❑ Cartons are packed in Master Cartons;

❑ Master Cartons are put on pallets.

❑ Pallets are loaded in Containers.

Key Terms:

• Master cartons are containers used to group individual

products

• Unit load Grouped master cartons

• Unitization refers to grouping master cartons into larger units (unit loads) for handling