skeletal system

Most common cause of musculoskeletal injuries for children, adults, and elderly?

Children: bike and falling

adults: MVA

elderly: falls

ligaments:

bone to bone

what is the most serious injury before puberty?

growth plate- could stunt growth if not realigned, lopsided limbs.

Soft tissue injuries

Contusions: muscle bruises,

Hematomas: Larger and deeper, takes longer to heal than contusion

tx for soft tissue injuries?

MICE, mvmt, ice, compression, elevation

Joint: bone to bone meeting

Joint injuries

STrain: muscle- Tendon tear.

Sprain: muscle-ligament tear.

Neither is worse than other, depends on grade

Whats most common sprain?

ankle is the most common

dislocation: displacement of articular surfaces

congenital: born with (hip or knee)

traumatic: falls, blows, rotational (ex. stop and start sports)

pathologic: late complication to rheumatory arthritis , Neuro musc. dz or paralysis.

Rotator cuff includes

4 muscles and their tendons.

What sports for torn rotator cuff?

tennis and baseball

dx: H&P and MRI (muscles and tendons need)

Knee injuries, what is the most serious?

Ligamentous injuries

non weight bearing, sudden pain, popping,

what does meniscus do? is there healing?

shock absorption, no blood supply so no healing.

what is most common cause of anterior knee pain?

Petellofemoral pain syndrome

runners knee - muscles not holding knee in place.

Hip dislocation tx

reduction , usually surgery

what are most common fractures for elderly?

humerus and hip

risk factors for hip injury

age, visual impairment, dementia,

what do biphosphonates do for hip fracture?

inhibit osteoclasts, which break down, and allow osteoBLASTS to do more.

What type of fracture is most common with kids?

Greenstick - kids bones not as stiff, so they bend.

impaired bone healing: malunion

healing with deformity

delayed union:

failure to heal with normal period

nonunion

cessation of the process of bone repair

Electrical stimulators do what?

stimulate osteoblasts

compartment sydrome

cast before swelling goes down, compromised blood flow and necrosis of nerve/muscle tissue. Severe pain

txL remove splint , fasciotomy (last resort)(what surrounds muscle)

Osteomyletis (bone infection)

bacteria or fungi in open wounds

tx: antibiotics or fungals, debriment (scrape it out)

3 characteristics of bone tumors:

1. pain

2. mass

3. impaired function

benign tumors:

slow growing, clear border, surgery or radiation if it interferes with function

malignant bone tumor:

SECONDARY Is more common than primary.