Chapter 5: Life in Groups P2

What are three decision making styles?

1. 1. Authoritarian

2. 2. Democratic

3. 3. Laissez-Faire

What is an authoritarian decision-making style?

the leader(s) makes decisions on their own without any input from the group

Why is an emergency room doctor an example of authoritarian leadership?

Quick decisions are necessary during emergencies.

What is the disadvantage of authoritarian leader?

The disadvantage is that people may be unhappy with the decisions being made

What is a democratic decision-making style?

the leaders will include the group in the decision-making process

What is an advantage of democratic leadership?

Group members have input and are more satisfied.

What is a disadvantage of democratic leadership?

Decision-making takes longer

What is laissez-faire leadership?

Leaders provide little direction and allow the group to operate independently

Why is laissez-faire often viewed as ineffective?

Groups may lack organization and guidance.

What is a reference group?

A group that provides a basis of comparison for
which we evaluate ourselves to see how we measure up

Students compare exam grades with classmates. What concept is illustrated?

Reference group

Former classmates compare their lives at a reunion. What concept is illustrated?

Reference group

What is group conformity?

The influence a group has on a person's behavior and thinking.

What did Solomon Asch study?

Peer pressure and conformity.

In Asch's line experiment, people gave incorrect answers because everyone else did. What concept was being studied?

Conformity

What question was Stanley Milgram studying?

Would you inflict pain on an innocent person
because an authority figure told you to do so

Why did Milgram conduct his experiment?

To understand obedience after learning about the Holocaust.

Participants continued delivering shocks because an authority figure instructed them to do so. What concept does this demonstrate?

Obedience to authority

What is groupthink?

In tight-knit groups, there is the expectation of extreme
conformity to the point that those who do not conform may be punished

Why is the Challenger disaster considered an example of groupthink?

NASA administrators ignored engineers' warnings and prioritized agreement the shuttle exploded, killing all seven astronauts

What are three group size?

1. 1. dyad

2. 2. triad

3. 3. social network

What is a dyad?

is the smallest, most intense group. The dyad consists of two people

What are examples of dyad?

marriage, best friends, study or business partners

Why are dyads considered intense?

because all of your attention is directed toward the other person.

What happens if one member leaves a dyad?

The group no longer exists.

What is a triad?

A group consists of three people

Why is a triad more stable than a dyad?

The group can continue if one member leaves

What is the third-wheel phenomenon?

Two members become close and exclude the third person.

What is a social network?

this consists of all of your social relationships-your
primary and secondary relationships.

What is an in-group?

is the group that we feel a sense of belonging or loyalty.

What is an out-group?

is the opposing group. Some may view this group as the enemy.

Why are Astros fans an example of an in-group?

Members feel loyalty and belonging to the team.

Why is the opposing team considered an out-group?

It is viewed as the competing group.

How do Deer Park and La Porte schools illustrate in-groups and out-groups?

Students identify with their own school and view the rival school as the opposing group.

What are formal organizations?

groups that are designed to achieve goals efficiently

What are examples of formal organization?

schools, banks, hospitals and churches

Our lives now revolve on what type of organizations?

formal organizations