Behavior Modification Exam 1

Four goals of science.

Describe, Explain, Predict, and Control

A child who gets into many fights at school (overt behavior) may feel angry at others (affect) and think that others are trying to pick on him or hurt him (cognitions). Also, in the classroom, we do not merely want to teach a child to read, but also to think about what she has read (cognitions) and perhaps experience the joy and other emotions (affect) that reading often provides. Which of the key characteristics of behavior modification is shown?

Emphasis on behavior

Playing a musical instrument is an example of which key characteristic of behavior modification?

Learning experiences

20-year-old college female seeks therapy because she is having problems in relationships with others. The problem may be due in part to how she was treated as a child. Perhaps as a young child, she suffered physical abuse or neglect, or just lived with weird parents. Which of the key characteristics of behavior modification is shown?

Current determination of behavior

What are the key characteristics of behavior modification? Empasis on behavior, _____, _______, _______, _______

Current determination of behavior

Parents may want their sixth-grade child to complete homework. ________________ consists of systematically measuring current functioning of the domain or problem that is to be altered. Which of the key characteristics of behavior modification is shown?

Assessmnet/evaluation

Parents are often trained in behavior-change techniques and can work on changing behaviors of interest. Which of the key characteristics of behavior modification is shown?

Application

What did Kazdin say that he wanted you to notice about the 2 very different case illustrations in

Ch. 1?

Both of them used the same behavioral technique and focused on current factors maintaining behavior rather than searching for hidden causes

What is classical conditioning?

learning through association when a NS is repeatedly paired with a UCS until the NS produces a response on its own

UCS

dog food

UCR

salivation

CS

bell

CR

salivation from hearing the bell

What is operant conditioning?

when behavior is influenced by its consequence

Behaviors followed by good results are likely to be repeated while bad results are less likely to happen again

Law of effect

What are reinforcements?

behavior happens more often

An employee receives a financial bonus for exceeding their quarterly sales goals, which makes them motivated to repeat the performance. Which reinforcement is this?

Positive reinforcement

A toddler cries at the dinner table until a parent removes the vegetables from their plate. Because the tantrum stops when the veggies are taken away, the child is more likely to throw a tantrum next time they dislike their food.

Negative reinforcement

An athletic coach made a team do extra sprints because they were texting during a practice session. What type of punishment is this?

Positive punishment

A sports coach benching an athlete for the next game because they exhibited poor sportsmanship. Which type of punishment is this?

Negative punishment

Observer learns behavior by watching others

Modeling/observational learning

Bobo doll experiment proved that children can learn aggressive behavior purely through observation and imitation, rather than needing direct rewards or punishments

modeling

What is rational behaviroism?

Learning and performing new behaviors that were never directly taught or practiced