GCSE Latin OCR Aeneid 1

Urbs antīqua fuit, Tyriī tenuēre colōnī,

Karthāgō, Ītaliam contrā Tiberīnaque longē

ōstia, dīves opum studiīsque asperrima bellī,

quam Iūnō fertur terrīs magis omnibus ūnam

posthabitā coluisse Samō; hīc illius arma,

hīc currus fuit; hōc rēgnum dea gentibus esse,

sī quā Fāta sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.

There was an ancient city (Tyrian settlers possessed it), Carthage, facing Italy and the mouth of the Tiber far away, rich in resources and very fierce in the pursuits of war; which alone Juno is said to have cherished more than all other lands, regarding Samos . Here was her armour, here was her chariot; even then the goddess both aimed for and cherished this kingdom to be for the people if in any way the fates allowed it.

• EMPH POS of “Karthago, Italiam” next to each other shows that they’re enemies

• ENJABMENT of “longe”: it’s at the end of the line to emphasise the distance - vivid description

• CHIASMUS of “dīves opum studiīsque asperrima bellī” shows what a big threat Carthage is

• ENCLOSING ORDER OF “quam” and “unam” shows how much Juno loves Carthage

• ANAPHORA + TRICOLON of “hic, hic, hoc” emphases how much she loves Carthage as she keeps valuable possessions there

• HISTORIC PRESENT + POLYSYNDETON of “tenditque fovetque” stresses her level of care

Prōgeniem sed enim Trōiānō ā sanguine dūcī

audierat, Tyriās olim quae verteret arcēs;

hinc populum lātē regem bellōque superbum

ventūrum excidiō Libyae: sīc volvere Parcās.

But in fact, she had heard that a race was being produced from Trojan blood, who would one day overthrow the Tyrian citadels; from this people would come ruling far and wide and arrogant in war to destroy Libya; in this way the Fates decree this.

• EMPH POS of “olim” shows this is inevitable

• “superbum” (proud) is often used in a pejorative/insulting way, reflecting Juno’s opinion on Romans

id metuēns, veterisque memor Sāturnia bellī,

prīma quod ad Trōiam prō cārīs gesserat Argīs—

necdum etiam causae īrārum saevīque dolōrēs

exciderant animō: manet altā mente repostum

iūdicium Paridis sprētaeque iniūria fōrmae,

et genus invīsum, et raptī Ganymēdis honōrēs.

The daughter of Saturn, fearing this, and mindful of the old war, which she had previously waged near Troy on behalf of her beloved Greeks — for even now the causes of her (outbursts of) anger and her savage pains had not yet disappeared from her mind; the judgement of Paris and the insult done to her spurned beauty and the hated race and the honours given to the snatched Ganymede remained buried deep in her mind:

Hīs accēnsa super, iactātōs aequore tōtō

Trōas, rēliquiās Danaum atque immītis Achillī,

arcēbat longē Latiō, multōsque per annōs

errābant, āctī Fātīs, maria omnia circum.

Tantae mōlis erat Rōmānam condere gentem!

fired by these (injustices) as well, she kept the Trojans tossed about over the whole sea, the remnants left by the Greeks and savage Achilles, far from Latium, and for many years they wandered driven by the fates around all the seas. It involved such great difficulty to found the Roman race.

Hīs accēnsa super, iactātōs aequore tōtō

Trōas, rēliquiās Danaum atque immītis Achillī,

arcēbat longē Latiō, multōsque per annōs

errābant, āctī Fātīs, maria omnia circum.

Tantae mōlis erat Rōmānam condere gentem!

fired by these (injustices) as well, she kept the Trojans tossed about over the whole sea, the remnants left by the Greeks and savage Achilles, far from Latium, and for many years they wandered driven by the fates around all the seas. It involved such great difficulty to found the Roman race.

Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum

vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant,

cum Iuno, aeternum servans sub pectore volnus,

haec secum: 'Mene incepto desistere victam,

nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem?

Scarcely out of sight of the land of Sicily, (the Trojans) were happily sailing into the high sea and churning up the foam of salt sea with their bronze (prows) when Juno, retaining everlasting wound her breast, (said) these (words) within herself: 'To think that I, defeated, should give up my purpose, and not be able to divert the king of the Trojans from Italy!

Quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem

Argivom atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto,

unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei?

Of course, I am forbidden by the fates. Was Pallas able to burn up the fleet of the Greeks and drown (the Greeks) themselves in the sea because of one man's offence and the madness of Ajax, son of Oileus?

Ipsa, Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem,

disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis,

illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas

turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto.

(She) herself, hurling the swift fire of Jupiter from the clouds both scattered the ships and upturned the seas with the winds, (while) him, as he breathed forth flame from his pierced breast, she snatched up in a whirlwind and impaled on a sharp rock.

Ast ego, quae divom incedo regina, Iovisque

et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos

bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adoret

praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?'

But I, who (grandly) walk as queen of the gods, and both sister and wife of Jupiter, have been waging wars for so many years with one race. And does anyone worship the divine power of Juno any more or in supplication will (anyone) place an offering upon (her) altars?'

Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans

nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus austris,

Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro

luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras

imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.

The goddess, turning over such (thoughts) with herself in her inflamed heart, came to the land of the clouds, Aeolia, an area teeming with raging south winds. Here, King Aeolus by means of his power confines the struggling winds and sounding storms within a huge cave and curbs them with chains and a prison.

Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis

circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce

sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.

They, indignant, roar around the prison bars accompanied by the mighty murmur of the mountain; Aeolus sits in the lofty citadel, holding the sceptre, soothes their feelings and restrains their outbursts of anger.

Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundumquippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altosimposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certoet premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est:

If he did not do (this), they would doubtless carry hurriedly away with them seas, lands and the high heaven and sweep through the breezes; but the all-powerful father, fearing this, hid (them) in dark caverns, placed a mass of high mountains on top, and gave them a king so that, under a fixed contract, he might know both how to tighten and to relax and give the reins when ordered. To him, then, Juno in supplication used these words:

'Aeole, namque tibi divom pater atque hominum rex

et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento,

gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor,

Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates:

incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes,

aut age diversos et disiice corpora ponto.

'Aeolus (for to you the father of the gods and king of men has granted both to calm the waves and raise them with the wind), a race hostile to me sails the Etruscan sea carrying Troy and its defeated household gods to Italy: strike violence into the winds, sink and destroy their ships, or drive them in different directions and scatter the bodies in the ocean.'

Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae,

quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea,

conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo,

omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos

exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem.'

'I have twice seven Nymphs of outstanding body, of whom she who (is) the most beautiful in form, Deiopea, I will join (with you) in steadfast marriage and consecrate her as your own, so that, in return for such services, she might spend all her years with you and make you a parent with a beautiful offspring.'

Aeolus haec contra: 'Tuus, O regina, quid optes

explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est.

Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque

concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divom,

nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.'

In answer to this Aeolus (said): 'O queen, (it is) your task to search out what you desire; for it is right to carry out your orders. You provide for me this modest kingdom, the sceptre and Jupiter's (favour), you grant me to recline at the banquet of the gods, and make (me) master of the clouds and storms.'

Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem

impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,

qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.

Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis

una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis

Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.

When these things had been said, reversing his spear, he struck the hollow mountain on the side; and the winds, as if they had formed an (army) column, rush wherever passage had been given and blow through the lands with a whirlwind. They fell upon the sea, and Eurus and Notus together and Africus, abundant with storms, churn up everything from their lowest depths, and roll huge waves towards the coasts.

Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.

Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque

Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.

Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether,

praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.

There follows both a shout of men and the hissing of cables; suddenly, the clouds snatch away both sky and daylight from the eyes of the Trojans; black night falls upon the sea; the heavens thundered, the upper air flashes with abundant fires, and everything threatens instant death for the men.

Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:

ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas

talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,

quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis

contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis

Tydide! ...

Immediately, Aeneas's limbs were loosened with an icy terror; he groaned and, stretching out both his palms towards the stars, he repeated such (words) aloud: '0 thrice and four times blessed (are those) to whom it befell to die before the faces of their fathers beneath the lofty walls of Troy! 0 son of Tydeus, bravest of race of Greeks!

... Mene Iliacis occumbere campis

non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,

saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens

Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undisscuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'

To think that I was not able to fall on the plains of Troy and pour out this life beneath your right hand, where fierce Hector lies beneath the spear of the descendant of Aeacus, where mighty Sarpedon (lies), where the Simois, having seized so many shields of heroes, rolls them, helmets and brave bodies beneath its waves.'

Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella

velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit.

Franguntur remi; tum prora avertit, et undis

dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons.

While he was shouting such (words), a storm, whistling with the North wind, struck the sail full in front, and raised the waves to the stars The oars were broken, then the prow turned away and offered the side to the waves; a sheer mountain o+ water followed in a mass.

Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens

terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis.

Some hung on the top of the wave, for others a yawning wave revealed the earth among the waves, (while) the seething sea rages with the sands.

Tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet—

saxa vocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus aras—

dorsum immane mari summo; tris Eurus ab alto

in brevia et Syrtis urget, miserabile visu,

inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae.

The South wind, having snatched three (ships) hurled them onto hidden rocks (rocks in the middle of the waves which the Italians call the Altars, a huge ridge on to a of the sea), three the East wind pushed from the high seas onto shoals and sandbanks, wretched to behold, dashed them onto the shallows and surrounded them with a mound of sand.

Unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten,

ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus

in puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister

volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem

torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex.

The huge sea, (falling) from its highest point, struck one (ship) on the stern, which was carrying the Lycians and faithful Orontes, before the very eyes (of Aeneas): the helmsman is shaken off and as he bends forward is rolled headlong, but the ship, a wave whirls round three times on the same spot, driving it around, and a devouring whirlpool swallows it up in the sea.

Adparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto,

arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas.

Iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achati,

et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes,

vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes

accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt.

Far apart (men) become visible swimming in the immense whirlpool, (along with) the arms of men, planks, and Trojan treasure throughout the waves. Now the storm overcame Ilioneus' strong ship, now brave Achates', and both (the ship) in which Abas was carried and the one in which Aletes, advanced in years; when the joints of the sides had been loosened all (the ships) take in the hostile water and gape with cracks.