Unit 11 roots and vocab

Adrenal Glands

Glands on top of the kidneys that produce hormones for stress response and metabolism.

Anus

The opening where solid waste leaves the body.

Chemical Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules using enzymes and digestive juices.

Digestive System

The body system that breaks down food into nutrients the body can use for energy and growth.

Endocrine System

The body system that controls growth

Enzyme

A special protein that helps speed up chemical reactions in the body

Esophagus

A tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and moves food by squeezing it down.

Excretory/Urinary System

The body system that removes waste from the blood and gets rid of it as urine.

Glands

Organs that make and release hormones to control body processes.

Hormones

Chemical messengers that travel through the blood to regulate body functions.

Immune System

The body system that fights off infections and keeps the body healthy.

Integumentary System

The body system that includes the skin

Intestines

Long

Kidneys

Two bean-shaped organs that filter waste and extra water from the blood to make urine.

Nervous System

The body system that sends and receives messages to control body functions and respond to the environment.

Neuron

A nerve cell that carries messages between the brain

Nutrients

Substances in food that the body needs to grow

Pancreas

A gland that helps control blood sugar levels and releases digestive enzymes.

Pathogen

A harmful microorganism

Physical/Mechanical Digestion

The breaking down of food into smaller pieces by chewing

Pituitary Gland

A small gland in the brain that controls growth and other glands in the body.

Spinal Cord

A bundle of nerves inside the backbone that connects the brain to the rest of the body.

Stomach

A muscular organ that mixes food with digestive juices to break it down.

Thyroid

A gland in the neck that controls metabolism and energy use.

Ureter

A tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Urethra

A tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

Urinary Bladder

A hollow organ that stores urine until it is ready to leave the body.

tachy-

quick; swift

tax-

arrange; put in order

tele-

far off; distant

telo-

end

-terr-

earth; land

tetr-

four

-therm-

heat

-thorac-

chest

-tom-; -tomy

cut; split

tox(ico)-

poison

trache(o)-

windpipe

trans-

across

tri-

three

trich-

hair

-trop-

turn; change

-troph-

nourishment; feed

-ul-; -ule

small; diminutive

ultra-

beyond

uni-

one

vas(o)-

vessel

ventr-

belly; underside

-verge

turn; slant

vig-

strong

vit-; viv-

life; alive

-volv-

change; turn; roll

-vor-

devour; eat

xanth-

yellow

zo-; -zoa

animal

zyg(o)-

joined together; yolk