Human Physiology: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to human physiology, specifically the breathing process and gas exchange.

Reductionist Approach

A method in biology focusing on breaking down complex systems into simpler components to understand functioning.

Molecular Biology

The field of science that studies the molecular basis of biological activity in and among cells.

Systems Biology

An approach that views biological phenomena as emergent properties resulting from interactions among system components.

Conducting Part of Respiratory System

The portion that transports air to the alveoli, including the nostrils, nasal chamber, pharynx, and bronchi.

Respiratory Organs

Organs involved in the exchange of gases, including lungs, gills, or tracheal systems, depending on the organism.

Alveoli

Tiny, air-filled sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and blood.

Tidal Volume (TV)

The volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration, approximately 500 mL.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

The amount of additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration, averaging 2500 mL to 3000 mL.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal expiration, averaging 1000 mL to 1100 mL.

Vital Capacity (VC)

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation, including TV, IRV, and ERV.

Interstitial Fluid

Fluid located in the spaces between cells that facilitates the exchange of nutrients and waste.

Oxygen Dissociation Curve

A graph showing the relationship between the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen.

Carbonic Anhydrase

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons, aiding in CO2 transport.

Chemo-sensitive Area

A region in the brain that monitors levels of CO2 and H+ to regulate breathing.

Emphysema

A chronic respiratory condition characterized by damage to alveolar walls, reducing respiratory surface area.

Partial Pressure

The pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture, critical for understanding gas exchange and diffusion.