12 mark questions

assess the impact of the national gov in contributing to the spread of globalisation into new global regions

1. SEZs - china, framework for TNCs to locate

2. subsidies - attract global HQs, london docklands deepens globalisation

3. ultimate deciders - choose to remain switched off ie north korea

assess the range of reasons why some countries remain switched off from globalisation

1. debt - cannot invest in infrastructure or human capital ie gambia

2. dictatorship - limited communication, politically condemned ie north korea

3. landlocked - restricts trade ie sahel region

assess the nature of social, political and environmental tensions resulted from the change caused by globalisation

1. social tensions - westernisation in tribes and diets

2. environmental tensions - GhG emissions, deforestation for diets

3. political tensions - threatened national sovereignity from westernisation

social tensions contribute/cause the other tensions

assess the impacts of the global shift on the physical environment of emerging countries

1. river pollution - industry waste ie ganges but more localised

2. deforestation - amazon, biodiversity and carbon sinks

3. air pollution - more combustion for industry

air pollution worse as makes the impact of deforestation worse as trees needed to try decouple emissions

assess the extent the globalisation of trade can bring problems as well as benefits

1. benefits trade blocs - specialisation, multiplier effect, increases incomes

2. problems trade blocs - sovereignity, policy, cultural erosion

3. benefits containerisation - cheaper transport costs, fuels employment

assess the role of international migration in the globalised economy

1. elite migrants - fill quaternary skill gaps, make investments

2. low wage migrants - maintain global supply chains ie indians in UAE

3. hinder global economy - brain drain, over reliance on remittances, nationalism

assess the contribution of globalisation to cultural diffusion

1. globalisation media - western TNCs ie BBC, TV shows, language

2. globalisation tourism and migration - aircraft, time space compression, spreads language and customs

3. not absolute - contested with national sovereignity ie china censorship

assess the view globalisation inevitably damages the physical environment

1. loss of biodiversity - palm oil and deforestation, industry and ganges

2. air pollution - industry, energy and transportation ie china

3. positives - companies images, gov policies mitigate ie paris 2015 agreement

assess local community methods to reduce the impact of globalisation on the environment

1. localism - reduces ecological footprint, transition towns ie todmorden bus stress on resources

2. recycling - throwaway society, ie EU but germany vs romania

3. sustainable travel - cars most traded commodity ie amsterdam

assess the extent to which the global shift has caused more social costs than benefits

1. employment - waged work more reliable ie samsung vietnam

2. exploitation - work 12 hours little breaks, maltreatment leads to mass fatalities ie rana plaza

3. increased connectedness - infrastructure ie china HSR but leads to CO2 from cement

assess the importance of ICT and mobile communications in the growth of globalisation

1. ICT - global marketplace, WWW ie amazon

2. mobile communication - cannot purchase without, access to global markets

3. trade - both not possible without low delivery times, commercial aircraft and containerisation

assess the positive and negative impacts of the spread of a westernised culture

1. disadvantaged groups - paralymics, womens rights

2. cultural erosion - korawei tribes religion and food

3. changing diets - nutrition transition ie china

assess the impacts of TNCs in creating both winners and losers for people and the environment

1. people winners - employment ie samsung vietnam

2. people losers - conditions ie apple, rana plaza

3. environment winners - corporate images

4. environment losers - palm oil deforestation, industry ie ganges

assess the reasons why globalisation increases income inequality within countries

1. deindustrialisation - detroit vs san fran bay area

2. rural urban migration - accelerated by SEZs, china spends more in urban education

3. remittances - ie india unevenly distributed