Anatomy and Myology of the Human Torso and Spine

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the anatomy, ligaments, and musculature of the human spine, thorax, and abdomen based on lecture notes.

Columna vertebralis

The vertebral column or wervelkolom.

Cervical vertebrae

The section of the spine containing wervels $C1-C7$.

Thoracal vertebrae

The section of the spine containing wervels $T1-T12$.

Lumbaal vertebrae

The section of the spine containing wervels $L1-L5$.

Sacrales vertebrae

The section consisting of $S1-S5$, formed by the versmelting of the os sacrum.

Coccygea vertebrae

The section consisting of $Co1-Co4$, formed by the versmelting of the os coccygis.

Lordose

A holling (curvature) found in the neck and lower back, characterized as a dorsale concaviteit.

Kyphose

A bolling (curvature) found in the upper back, characterized as a ventrale concaviteit.

CTO-regio

The cervicothoracale overgang located at $C7-T1$.

TLO-regio

The thoracolumbale overgang located at $T10-L2$.

LSO-regio

The lumbosacrale overgang located at $L5-S1$.

Foramen vertebrale

The opening within a vertebra for the medulla spinales (ruggenmerg).

Foramen intervertebrale

The opening between two vertebrae that allows for the passage of a spinale zenuw.

Processus spinosus

The Uitsteeksel (projection) located at the back of a vertebra.

Atlas ($C1$)

The first cervical vertebra which has no corpus and no processus spinosus.

Axis ($C2$)

The second cervical vertebra characterized by the dens axis, which allows for rotation.

Vertebra prominens ($C7$)

A thicker and heavier cervical vertebra used as a clinical landmark.

Costae verae

Ribs $1-7$, known as true ribs.

Costae spuriae

Ribs $8-12$, including floating ribs $11-12$.

Syndesmology

The study or leer van de ligamenten (ligaments).

Arthrologie

The study or leer van de gewrichten (joints).

Discus intervertebralis

The tussenwervelschijf found from $C2$ to the sacrum, consisting of an annulus fibrosi and nucleus pulposus.

Nucleus pulposus

The gelei-achtige (gel-like) core of the intervertebral disc that is not compressible and provides schokdemping.

Ligamenta flava

Elastic ligaments located between wervelbogen that stretch during flexie and help keep the canal open during extensie.

Hernia

A condition occurring when the nucleus pulposus is displaced.

Anteversie pelvis

The voorwaarts kantelen (forward tilting) of the pelvis, which results in lumbale lordose.

Retroversie pelvis

The achterwaarts kantelen (backward tilting) of the pelvis.

Inspiratie

The phase of breathing where the diafragma descends, ribs move up, and thorax diameter increases.

M. sternocleidomastoideus (SCM)

A neck muscle that performs homolaterale lateroflexie and heterolaterale rotatie when acting unilaterally.

M. rectus abdominis

A straight abdominal muscle originating from cartilago costalis ribs $5-7$ and the processus xiphoideus, inserting into the os pubis.

M. transversus abdominis

The deepest abdominal muscle layer responsible for the buikpers and narrowing the apertura thoracis inferior during expiratie.