AO1 + AO3 MSM (ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN)

what are the 3 components of MSM?

1. sensory register

2. short term memory

3. long term memory

what is the function of the sensory register?

holds unprocessed sensory information

how many stores does the sensory register have?

5 STORES

one for each sense

what is the capacity of the sensory register?

very large capacity

what is the duration of the sensory register?

iconic - 200-400 ms

echoic - 4 seconds SPERLING

what is the encoding of the sensory register?

all senses

what is the function of STM?

a temporary holding area for information, allowing it to be actively processed and used for tasks like reasoning and comprehension

what is the capacity of STM?

7 +- 2 items

Miller

(can be increased by chunking)

what is the duration of STM?

15-30 seconds PETERSON AND PETERSON

used trigrams

after 18 seconds only 10% recalled

what is the encoding of STM?

mainly acoustic (CONRAD)

what is the function of LTM?

information storage for re-access and use at a later time

what is the duration of LTM?

from one minute to a lifetime

BAHRICK - American highschool

what is the capacity of LTM?

unlimited

what is the encoding of LTM?

semantic (meaning)

BADDELEY

AO3: TESTED

P - Atkinson and Shiffrin - tested their model through lab experiments and demonstrated clear differences in the stores

E - they differ in terms of coding, duration and capacity

E - this indicates that there must be different stores for different aspects of memory

L - directly supports Atkinson and Shiffrin's model (supported by many researchers)

AO3: STM IS NOT UNITARY

P - STM in MSM has no sub-stores or different memory systems

E - Baddeley and Hitch's model of WM includes the CE, PL, VSS and EB

E - showed that STM has different specialised components that carry out different jobs

L - Atkinson and Shiffrin argued that STM was unitary --> not true --> decreases the validity of MSM as a model

AO3: MEMORY IS NOT LINEAR

P - STM is affected by the knowledge held in LTM

E - Degroot - memory of chess masters vs novices

masters - 90%

novices - 40% ACCURACY AFTER FIRST GLANCE AT CHESS BOARD

E - the strength of their STM was affected by the knowledge of chess held in their LTM

L - The MSM argues that memory flows in one direction and therefore LTM couldn't affect STM

AO3: MSM CAN'T EXPLAIN SOME REAL WORLD PHENOMENA

P - MSM can't explain problems with the memory of brain damaged people

E - Clive Wearing - 7 second memory due to problems with STM but could still play music

E - his LTM had not been effected by his brain damage but his STM had

L - according to MSM this wouldn't be possible as MSM is one-directional