zoo lab 10 (phylum chordata, classes actinopterygii + amphibia w/fish + frog dissection)

at some point, all chordates will have these 5 features

notochord, hollow dorsal nerve cord, postanal tail, pharyngeal gill slits, endostyle

ray-finned fish classification (phylum, subphylum, superclass, class)

phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata, superclass osteichthyes, class actinopterygii

frog classification (phylum, subphylum, superclass, class, order)

phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata, superclass tetrapoda, class amphibia, order anura

uniting feature of subphylum vertebrata

vertebral column

class _____ is the most diverse out of the vertebrates

actinopterygii

2 types of environment for ray-finned fish

marine, freshwater

5 aquatic adaptations that actinopterygii have

gills, operculum, paired fins with rays, swim bladder, lateral line

operculum function

helps water pass over gills

2 swim bladder functions

buoyancy, gas exchange

paired fins with bony rays provide ____ and _____

support, stiffness

lateral line function

detects vibrations and currents in water

5 types of fins

dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, caudal

how many chambers does a fish heart have?

2

fishes have a _____-circuit circulatory system

single

sinus venosus function

collects deoxygenated blood

bulbous arteriosus function

dampens pressure

order of blood flow through fish (6)

sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbous arteriosus, gills, body

chordates have a _____ digestive tract

complete

6 parts of fish digestive tract

esophagus, stomach, pyloric ceca, intestine, rectum, anus

pyloric ceca description and function

fingerlike, increase surface area for digestion

class actinopterygii and order anura are ___ecious

dio

male fish gonads

paired testes

female fish gonad

single ovary

is fish fertilization internal or external?

external

3 digestive accessory organs in fish

liver, pancreas, gallbladder

2 excretory organs in fishes and frogs

kidney, urinary bladder

amphibians are “transitional” between _____ and ______ vertebrates

fishes, terrestrial

amphibian larvae are _____ and adults are ______ (lifestyle-wise)

aquatic, terrestrial

respiratory organ for amphibian larvae

gills

respiratory organ for amphibian adults

lungs

____ is a secondary respiratory organ in amphibians

skin

amphibian reproduction occurs in an _____ environment with ______ fertilization

aquatic, external

fish and amphibians have _____ circulatory systems

closed

how many chambers does a frog heart have?

3

frogs have a _____-circuit circulatory system

double

what are the names of the 2 blood flow circuits in frogs

pulmonary, systemic

describe pulmonary flow

heart brings deoxygenated blood to lungs and skin

describe systemic flow

heart brings oxygenated blood to body

what splits oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in frog hearts?

spiral fold

function of adductor muscles

pull body part to midline

function of abductor muscles

push body part away from midline

function of flexor muscles

bend body part towards another

function of extensor muscles

straighten body part

technical name for frog and fish nostrils

nares

the mandible is the _____ jawbone and the maxilla is the _____ jawbone (orientation)

lower, upper

2 pectoral fin functions

steering, braking

pelvic fin function

steering

anal fin function

steering

2 caudal fin functions

provides thrust, acts like rudder

dorsal fin function

steering

4 types of fish scales

placoid, ctenoid, ganoid, cycloid

what type of scales do perch have?

ctenoid

what structure do frogs use to hear?

tympanic membrane

muscle origin

fixed end

muscle insertion

movable end

the mylohyoid assists in ______ and _______

breathing, swallowing

2 deltoid functions

flexes shoulder, adducts forelimb

function of pectoralis major

adducts forelimb

2 external oblique functions

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen

2 sartorius functions

flexes hind limb, abducts thigh

triceps femoris function

extends hind limb

gastrocnemius function

extends hind foot

2 liver functions

produces bile, detoxifies

gallbladder function

stores bile

2 pancreas functions

produces and secretes digestive enzyme

2 parts of frog small intestine

duodenum, jejunoileum

general function of duodenum

digestion

general function of jejunoileum and large intestine

absorption

the cloaca can release these 3 things

urine, feces, gametes

how many atria does a frog’s heart have?

2

how many ventricles does a frog’s heart have?

1

where in the heart is the spiral fold?

conus arteriosus

where is the conus arteriosus located?

ventricle

spleen function

filters blood