PHARM EXAM 3 DRUGS/HORMONES

ADH

retains water (kidneys)

Thyroid

controls metabolism

Parathyroid

 regulates calcium

Prochlorperazine

→ blocks dopamine (treating nausea)

Metoclopramide

↑ GI motility (treating nausea)

Ondansetron

blocks serotonin (treating nausea)

laxatives, stool softeners

treats constipation

antidiarrheals (e.g., loperamide)

treats diarrhea

diabetes insipidus (↓ ADH)

desmopressin

SIADH (↑ ADH)

fluid restriction

hypothyroidism

levothyroxine

hyperthyroidism

PTU, beta blockers

Intranasal corticosteroids

First line therapy for allergic rhinitis that reduce swelling inflammation and mucus with minimal systemic effects

Mast cell stabilizers

Drugs such as cromolyn that prevent histamine release and work best before allergen exposure

Oxymetazoline

Afrin Nasal decongestant that causes vasoconstriction may cause rebound congestion pregnancy category C

Opioid antitussives

Codeine and hydrocodone which suppress the cough reflex

Nonopioid antitussive

Dextromethorphan which depresses the cough reflex in the medulla

Expectorants

Drugs that thin mucus so it is easier to cough out

Mucolytics

Drugs such as acetylcysteine that break down thick mucus and smell like rotten eggs

Short acting beta agonists (SABAs)

Rescue inhalers that treat acute asthma attacks rapidly

Albuterol

A SABA used for acute asthma causes tremors nervousness tachycardia pregnancy category C

Long acting beta agonists (LABAs)

Long term bronchodilators not for acute attacks and carry a risk of asthma related death

Ipratropium

Atrovent Inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator often combined with albuterol pregnancy category B

Beclomethasone

Qvar Inhaled corticosteroid used for long term asthma control may cause oral thrush pregnancy category C

Leukotriene modifiers

Block leukotrienes to reduce inflammation edema and bronchoconstriction

ranitidine (Zantac)

H2-receptor antagonist; antiulcer drug; decreases stomach acid

omeprazole (Prilosec)

Proton pump inhibitor; antiulcer drug; decreases stomach acid

psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil)

Bulk-forming laxative; absorbs water to increase stool bulk

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Antidiuretic hormone replacement; treats DI, retains water

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Antithyroid drug; treats hyperthyroidism, blocks thyroid hormone

Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet)

Antidiabetic; treats type 2 diabetes, lowers blood sugar

Hydrocortisone (Cortef, Solu-Cortef)

Corticosteroid; treats Addison's, replaces cortisol, reduces inflammation