Practical Exam

What is the temp of the human body in C

37 degrees c

What is the boiling point of water

100 degrees

What is the freezing point of water in C

0 degrees

Which metric base unit is used to measure length?

Meter

Which metric base unit is used to measure mass?

Grams

Which metric base unit is used to measure volume ?

liters

What are the steps of the scientific method in order ?

1. Make an observation 2. Ask a question 3. Conduct background research 4. Form a hypothesis 5. test the hypothesis with a controlled experiment by making observations and gathering data 6. Reject or accept your hypothesis. 7. Form a conclusion

Independent variable

What is manipulated or changed

Dependent variable

What is being measured or the outcome

Standardized variables

What stays the same for each group

Experimental group

Receives the specific treatment or variable being tested

Control group

The group that does not receive the variable being tested; gets placebo

How to write a hypothesis?

If ___________ then_______ because________

What are enzymes?

proteins that perform chemical reactions

Enzyme specificity

Enzyme will only bind to one substrate And catalyze 1 chemical reaction

Enzyme denaturation

The process where an enzyme loses its shape

Enzyme optimum

The specific environmental conditions primarily temperature and PH where the enzyme operates at its highest activity

What is the effect of PH, temperature, and concentration on enzyme activity?

Dictates how efficiently enzymes facilitate reactions; Drastic increases or decreases in a temperature or PH can denature proteins

What substrate did we use in our lab enzyme experiment?

Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2, Naoh Sodium hydroxide, HCl Hydrochloric acid

Substrate

The specific reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon

What is potato water?

Catalase

Catalase

An enzyme produced by all eukaryotic cells in order to breakdown hydrogen peroxide produced in the mitochondria during aerobic cellular respiration

What are the products of catalase

water H2O and Oxygen O2

Are plant cells, animal cells, both or neither eukaryotic?

Both eukaryotic

What three organelles will you find in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

Central vacuole, Chloroplasts, and the cell wall

Label the three main parts that we discussed on the cheek cell

Nucleus, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Are cheek cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells and how do we know?

eukaryotic because it has a central nucleus

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Eyepiece

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Objective

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Iris diaphragm

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Course focus

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Fine focus

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Stage control knob

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Stage

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Stage Clip

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Main Power Switch

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Rheostat/ Light Intensity Knob

Label the part of the microscope highlighted in yellow

Distance adjustment scale

On a microscope as you go up in magnification your blank will get smaller which is why it's important to use the pointer

Field of view

Your specimen will appear to move in the opposite direction from how you move your stage due to blank

Inversion

What are the three magnifications of the objectives on our microscopes

4X, 10X, 40X

What was the total magnification of each objective when looking through the ocular lens

40X, 100X, 400X

Diffusion

The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a membrane

Hypertonic

The concentration of solutes on the outside of the cell is higher than inside the cell

Hypotonic

The concentration of solutes on the outside of the cell is lower than inside the cell

Isotonic

The concentration of solutes on the outside of the cell is the same as inside the cell

Is the cell pictured hypotonic or hypertonic and was it exposed in lab to DI water or salt water.

1. Hypotonic 2. DI Water

Is the cell pictured hypotonic or hypertonic and was it exposed in lab to DI water or salt water.

1. Hypertonic 2. Salt water

If you place an animal cell in a hypotonic solution it would behave differently than a plant cell what is different and why

Animal cell may burst Plant cell walls prevent this

When we made a cell using dialysis tubing we put starch and sugar inside the cell and placed it in a solution of water and iodine the liquid inside the cell started to turn black why?

The dialysis tubing acted as a permeable membrane that allowed the iodine to diffuse into the cell and react with the starch turning black inside the cell.

Why was the glucose able to diffuse out of the bag while the starch was not able to make sure to be specific?

Glucose is a monomer and was small enough to diffuse through the permeable membrane the starch is a polymer and was too large to diffuse through the membrane.

What is the name of the enzyme that was present in the potato juice?

Catalase

What is the substrate of catalase?

Hydrogen peroxide

What do you call the area where the substrate fits into the enzyme where the reaction will occur?

Active site

What are the two products created in the reaction we did in lab?

Oxygen and water

Explain why the sucrose mixed with the enzyme did not create bubbles?

The shape of the enzyme did not fit because of enzyme specificity

How does an increase in temperature and or a change in PH away from the optimal effect an enzyme reaction?

It denatures the protein so it no longer fits in its substrate