TEAS 7 Science Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering human anatomy, cellular biology, genetics, and basic chemistry concepts from the TEAS 7 science notes.

Protein Breakdown Initiation

The process that begins in the mouth.

B Cells

The cell type responsible for the production of soluble antibodies.

Circulatory System

The organ system responsible for transporting nutrients, wastes, and other substances throughout the human body.

Human Organism Classification

Defined as being heterotrophic with a genome stored in DNA.

Lymph Nodes

Mammalian structures that function to filter debris from intracellular spaces.

Myosin

The protein that, alongside actin, forms the bands in the muscle sarcomere.

Lysosome

The structure within a human cell responsible for recycling material no longer functional or needed.

Cell Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that regulates molecules entering and leaving the cytoplasm.

Surfactant

The chemical compound that prevents the lungs from collapsing.

Epiglottis

The structure that diverts food into the esophagus and prevents it from entering the lungs.

Larynx

The respiratory system term for the voice box used for sound production.

Cardiac Muscle Fatigue Resistance

Highly resistant to lactate-mediated fatigue because it uses aerobic respiration in mitochondria for energy.

Gonadal Artery

The artery that directly supplies oxygenated blood to the reproductive system.

Normal Zygote Chromosomal Composition

Consists of $46$ chromosomes.

Keratinocytes

Cell types that provide a waterproofing function for the outer layers of skin.

Corpus Luteum

Produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

Hypodermis

The layer of skin in the human body where subcutaneous fat can be found.

Sebaceous Glands

Glands that primarily supply hair shafts and skin with oily secretions.

Pancreas

The primary producer of insulin.

Type 1 Diabetes

A disease associated with the hormone insulin.

Ureters

Structures that connect the kidneys to the bladder.

Kidneys

Organs that serve as the site of blood filtration and remove salts from the blood.

Thymus

The part of the body where T cells mature.

Rib

An example of a bone classified as a flat bone.

Ligament

A structure that connects two bones together.

Patellae

Examples of bones classified as sesamoid bones.

Villi and Microvilli

Structures shaped to facilitate increasing the surface area for absorption in the intestines.

Sympathetic Alarm Reaction

A reaction where liver cells release glucose into the bloodstream.

Positive Feedback Example

Oxytocin causing an increase in uterine muscle contractions, which causes the posterior pituitary to release more oxytocin.

Demyelinization

Results in the disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve cell.

Nephridium

An organ in worms with a function most similar to human kidneys.

Proteins (Functional)

A class of biomolecules that can influence the rate of specific chemical reactions within a living cell.

Solid

A sample composed of particles condensed into a small space having vibrational but not translational motion.

Atom Mass Number

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom; for example, an atom with $3$ protons and $4$ neutrons has a mass number of $7$.

$$CH_3OH$$

A substance that will dissolve in water.

Mendelian Inheritance (Height)

A tall plant phenotype is produced by both $TT$ and $Tt$ genotypes.

Scientific Hypothesis

A defining characteristic of this is that it is testable.

Electron Microscope

Used to study the structure of cellular organelles.

Population Growth Condition

The state where immigrants + births $>$ deaths + emigrates.

Colligative Property

A property such as osmotic pressure.

Osmosis

The movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration that is not a form of active transport.

Tay-Sachs

A specific example of a lysosomal storage disease.

Pyrimidine Bases

The class of bases including cytosine, thymine, and uracil; notably excludes adenine.

AUG

The start codon of an mRNA sequence.

Co-dominant Blood Types

Describes blood types A, B, and O.

Cycle of Infection

Comprised of $5$ components.

Haemophilus influenzae

An example of a gram-negative bacterium.

Ribosome Function

The site of protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles abundant in muscle cells because they require large amounts of energy.

Nucleus

The organelle that houses genetic material.

Adenine Pairing

Pairs with thymine in DNA.

Human Chromosome Count

Consists of $46$ chromosomes or $23$ pairs.

Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Phenotype

The term used to describe the expression of alleles.

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Patterns that occur when there are factors other than dominant and recessive traits.

Carbohydrates

A group synthesized from monosaccharides like glucose.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A macromolecule that stores genetic information.

Amino Acids

The monomers that form enzymes.

Pathogen

Term used to describe all disease-causing micro-organisms.

Virus Core

Consists of either DNA or RNA.

Francium

The element with the highest atomic radius.

Isotopes

Variations of an element that have different numbers of neutrons.

N-shell

The electron shell that can hold a maximum of $32$ electrons.

Ether

A substituted hydrocarbon compound containing an oxygen molecule linking $2$ hydrocarbon groups.

Amine

A compound with a nitrogen atom that contains a lone pair of electrons and is bound to one or more hydrocarbon groups.

Extensive Properties

Properties like volume, mass, and electrical charge; notably excludes temperature.

Halochromic

An object that changes color in the presence of hydrogen or hydronium ions, also known as a $pH$ indicator.

$$K_2Cr_2O_7$$

An example of a salt.

Single Displacement Reaction

The reaction type represented by $2AgNO_3 + Cu \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2Ag$.

Neon

A neutral atom with $10$ protons, $11$ neutrons, and $10$ electrons.

Calcium Ion Formation

Occurs when calcium loses $2$ electrons to have a full valence shell.

Triple Point

The point where a substance can exist as a solid, liquid, and gas.

Ionic Compounds

Examples include $KCl$ and $NaCl$.

Equilibrium Reactant Favoring

In the reaction $CO + H_2 \rightleftharpoons CH_4 + H_2O + \text{heat}$, this occurs if $H_2O$ is added.

Catalyst

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction.

Reaction Rate Variables

Decreasing the pressure or decreasing the reactants will slow down a reaction rate.

Enzyme Mechanism

Speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions in a chemical process.

Diffusion

The movement of a substance from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

HI

An example of an acid.

Bases

Examples include $KOH$, $NH_3$, and $NaOH$.

Acidic $pH$ Level

A $pH$ level less than $7$.

Hecto-

The prefix that describes $10^2$.

Pipette

The tool used for accurately measuring a small amount of liquid.

Theory

A statement of behavior that consolidates all current observations.

Triple Beam Balance

A tool used to measure mass.

Tera-

The prefix indicating the largest multiple of the base unit.

Primary Body Planes

The human body can be divided into $3$ of these.

Immunoglobulin A

Produced in the mucosal lining to aid in immune defense.

Brain Stem Parts

Includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata; excludes the hypothalamus.

P Wave

Represents the depolarization of the atria.

Amylase

The enzyme that begins the digestion of polysaccharides into simpler sugars.

Fundus

The most superior region of the stomach.

Z Line

The structure that separates one sarcomere from another.